Objective  To assess the effect of R0 resection margin status and R0 en bloc resection in pancreatoduodenectomy outcomes.

Design  Retrospective medical record review.

Setting  Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.

Patients  Patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma at our institution between January 1, 1981, and December 31, 2007, were identified and their medical records were reviewed.

Main Outcome Measure  Median survival times.

Results  A total of 617 patients underwent pancreatoduodenectomy. Median survival times after R0 en bloc resection (n = 411), R0 non–en bloc resection (n = 57), R1 resection (n = 127), and R2 resection (n = 22) were 19, 18, 15, and 10 months, respectively (P < .001). A positive resection margin was associated with death (P = .01). No difference in survival time was found between patients undergoing R0 en bloc and R0 resections after reexcision of an initial positive margin (hazard ratio, 1.19; 95% confidence interval, 0.87-1.64; P = .28).

Conclusions  R0 resection remains an important prognostic factor. Achieving R0 status by initial en bloc resection or reexcision results in similar long-term survival.