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| Articles
by
Sachiko Arai |
Total Records (
4 ) for
Sachiko Arai |
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Ken Onda
,
Chikako Noda
,
Kazue Nakamura
,
Reiichiro Sato
,
Hideharu Ochiai
,
Sachiko Arai
,
Hiroo Madarame
,
Kazuhiro Kawai
and
Fujiko Sunaga
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Background: This study investigated changes in the blood acid-base balance to determine the effects of Lactated Ringer’s Solution (LRS) administration in a steer with liver damage caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration and in a cow with a fatty liver caused by a parturient negative energy balance. Materials and Methods: The LRS was administered to the CCl4 steer before CCl4 administration and 2, 7 and 11 days after CCl4 administration. The fatty liver cow and a group of control cows were administered LRS once. The initiation of LRS infusion was designated time-point 0. Venous blood samples were collected periodically from time-point 0-360 min thereafter and parameters related to the acid-base balance were measured. Results: On day 2, blood pH of the CCl4 steer before LRS administration was 7.26 but it gradually increased after the initiation of LRS administration, before ultimately recovering to within the normal reference range. The HCO3– levels decreased transiently just after the administration of LRS on day 7, then rapidly returned normal. Despite the fatty liver cow having severe fat infiltration, there were no substantial differences in parameters related to the blood acid-base balance between the fatty liver cow and the control cows, after LRS administration. Conclusion: Even in a steer suffering from liver damage caused by CCl4 administration, lactate was metabolised in the liver and worked as an alkaliser. Therefore, LRS may be a safe extracellular replacement solution when administered at the recommended flow rate and dose (20 mL kg–1 h–1 and 30 mL kg–1, respectively) to dairy cows in clinics. |
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Sachiko Arai
,
Keiji Takahashi
,
Fujiko Sunaga
and
Seigo Itoh
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Leg weakness is a regressive locomotory disease associated with osteochondrosis and osteoarthritis. However, there are no marked clinical symptoms and it is difficult to evaluate the prognosis or make a diagnosis before death. In humans joint markers to measure cartilage substances in blood are utilized. In particular, keratan sulfate specifically exists in cartilage. This parameter has been measured in dogs and horses. However, no study has reported measurement in pigs. Furthermore, age-/breed-related or gender differences are unclear. In this study, reserachers clarified the hemodynamics of keratan sulfate in pigs and confirmed that the keratan sulfate level decreased when leg weakness was clinically observed in the sow and growing pigs for breeding. In sows the blood level of keratan sulfate decreased to about 1/10 of that in piglets. This was possibly because a pig-specific breeding form with the stall was employed in sows affecting articular movement and reducing cartilage metabolism. |
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Ken Onda
,
Reiichiro Sato
,
Nobue Oba
,
Eriko Hashimoto
,
Hideharu Ochiai
,
Sachiko Arai
,
Kazuhiro Kawai
,
Kazuyuki Kaneko
,
Seigo Itoh
and
Yasunori Wada
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Leptin is secreted mainly from adipocytes, regulates energy
metabolism and influences obesity and many other mechanisms. Milk contains higher
concentrations of leptin than blood and mammary epithelial cells produce leptin.
The present study examines leptin gene expression in the mammary glands
of lactating and non-lactating cows using RT-PCR. The amplified PCR products
were sequenced. Researchers found that unlike the mouse, the leptin mRNA is
not expressed at all in the non-lactating mammary gland and is sometimes not
expressed in the lactating mammary gland of cows. Sequencing analysis confirmed
two leptin precursors like those of human and mouse. One precursor consisted
of 167 amino acids and the other consisted of 166 amino acids with a deletion
at glutamine 49. This study suggests that leptin may be associated with proliferation
of mammary epithelial cells to prepare subsequent lactation during pregnancy. |
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Seigo Itoh
,
Maiko Watabnabe
,
Sachiko Arai
,
Fujiko Sunaga
and
Sugita- Konishi
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The emetic toxicities of deoxynivalenol and its acetyl derivatives
were examined using house musk shrews (Suncus murinus). Emesis was observed
after the oral administration of these toxins at doses ranging from 0-40 mg
kg-1 B.W. The Effective Dose (ED) causing emesis was calculated using
the Probit Method. The ED 50 of deoxynivalenol, 3-acetylnivalenol and 15-acetylnivalenol
was 3.85, 0.87 and 8.85 mg kg-1 B.W., respectively. The results show
that the emetic toxicity of 3-acetylnivalenol is 10 times higher than that of
deoxynivalenol or 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol. Even though, acetyl deoxynivalenol
has been determined to exhibit equivalent toxicity to deoxynivalenol by the
FAO/WHO Joint Food Additives Committee, the different responses of acute emetic
toxicity should, therefore be taken into account. |
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