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by
S.A. Malik |
Total Records (
3 ) for
S.A. Malik |
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Zaheer Ahmed
,
S. Inayat
,
K. Naeem
and
S.A. Malik
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A comparative study was undertaken to evaluate immune response against four types of infectious bursal disease (IBD) vaccines in broilers. The decline pattern of maternal antibody titres in unvaccinated chicks was compared with those given IBD vaccines, following different vaccination schedules. Indirect ELISA as well as challenge with field virus evaluated the immune response of these vaccines. The results indicated that immune response against different vaccines varied in accordance with the vaccine schedule and levels of maternal antibody against IBDV in the chicks. The challenge studies indicated that only those birds stayed refractory to the challenge in which either sufficient IBDV maternal antibody titres were present or the birds were challenged at least 2 weeks post IBDV vaccination, providing sufficient time for developing an effective immune response. So it is suggested to devise IBD vaccination schedule in the light of prevailing maternal antibody tires in day-old chicks of each flock. |
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Yasmin, T.
,
S. Khalid
,
M..H. Soomro
,
S.A. Malik
,
H. Shah
and
I. Ahmad
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An attempt was made to investigate host-vector relationship of Banana
Bunchy Top Disease. The affinity of different host plants was investigated
via black banana aphid (Penlalonia nigronervosai for the transmission
of BBTV to Canna (Canna indica), Cucumber (Cucumis sativus),
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun), Chenopodium
(Chenopodium amranticotor) and Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum).
The host plants, at 3-4 leaf stage were exposed to viruliferous P.
nigronervosa for 24 hours. Similarly four different insect-vectors
viz. Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae, fiophalosiphum padj and BemisSa
tsbaci, beside P. nigronervosa were tried for transmission
studies under controlled conditions. The vectors were allowed inoculation
access period of 24 hours following an acquisition-feeding period of 8-10
days in separate cages on healthy banana. None of the vectors except P.
nigronervosa was found to transmit BBTV to banana. Likewise P.
nigronervosa was also found restricted to its original host banana
for propagation and BBTV transmission. |
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Siddique M.
,
S.A. Malik
,
A.S. Khan
,
G. Nazir
and
J.A. Chawla
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Previous studies have shown that changes in liver function profile may vary with postoperative time interval and may be related to the extent of hepatic resection. This study describes the characteristic profiles in parenchymal liver enzymes and other serum liver function tests over a one-week course comparing 2/3 hepatectomy with liver biopsy (<10% resection) in experimental rats. A group of 6 animals was used for this purpose, separately for hepatectomy and biopsy, respectively. The hepatic venous blood samples were drawn at 4, 8, 16, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96 and 168 h, respectively. The tests included were alanine amino transferase (ALT) aspartate amino transferase (AST) alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, total protein, serum albumin and bilirubin. The results were compared with normal control group of animals. Both serum ALT and AST showed early increase (8 h) after both operations. ALT returned to near control level between 48-72 h, while AST regained normal level by 72 h in both groups. Noticeable increase in ALP occurred only in the partially hepatectomized group with a delay between 24-96 h before ultimate normalization. No significant changes for ALP occurred in the biopsy group. LDH increased early in both experimental groups and the level tended to normalize by 168 h of surgery in the biopsy group while in hepatectomized group there was a steady decline towards control level. In contrast alkaline phosphatase and γ GT showed little change in partially hepatectomized group but in biopsy group noticeable increase occurred in comparison with control and hepatectomized group. The total protein dropped below the control level by about 25% at 4 h after partial hepatectomy. The decrease in biopsy group was little in the same period. Serum bilirubin remained above normal initially for 16 h and then became normal after 7 days in partial hepatectomy group. Interestingly the change in biopsy group was opposite to hepatectomy group point by point. The only tests that differ in two groups and seem to play a role in a clinical setting are serum bilirubin, total protein and γ GT. |
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