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The patient suffering from oral cancer usually comes to the dental surgeon
when the lesion is in its advanced stages leading to poor treatment outcome
and prognosis. Hence early detection is the key to success. Autofluorescence
spectroscopy is a new non invasive real time technique which is explored
for the early detection of oral cancer. This study has been designed to
analyze the fluorescent property of tissue as it progresses from normal
to malignancy when it is excited at 405 nm of light. This study uses a
fiber optic-based fluorescence spectroscopy system to measure the autofluorescence
spectra of six each in normal control, premalignant and malignant group
of hamster`s buccal cheek pouch carcinogenesis model. The tissues were
excited at 405 nm and the emission scan was obtained over a range of wavelengths.
A prominent peak at 635 nm and a small peak at 700 nm in the malignant
tissues when excited at 405 nm was observed which was absent in the normal
and premalignant group. An addition small peak at 490 nm was observed
in all the three groups. Mean intensity ratio parameters I490/635,
I490/700 and I635/700 were introduced and found
that the difference between the groups and within the groups was statistically
significant. Further ratio parameters were able to differentiate between
the normal-malignant and premalignant-malignant group. The results obtained
indicate that this technique would help the surgeons to early diagnose
the lesion at the early stages.
