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Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a temporary association of
mobile nodes. It forms the network on the fly over wireless links using multi-hop
communication in the absence of pre-established infrastructure. Recently, there
is a rapid growth in the mobile computing field owing to the proliferation of
a large number of widely available wireless devices. This paves a way for numerous
mobile nodes with highly dynamic mobility patterns. Frequently changing topology
in a large network with highly dynamic mobility leads to high overhead, and
consume more resources. It ultimately has a great impact on the routing performance.
The standard protocols cannot be able to provide efficient routing under a large
network and high mobility. This offers new challenges in designing an efficient
routing. Performance evaluations reveal that there is no realistic routing protocol
under large network size and dynamic mobility pattern. This study compares the
scalability and mobility properties of core protocols such as AODV and DSDV
under the MANET environment. The performance of these routing protocols is analyzed
under large network size and dynamic mobility in the aspects of packet delivery
ratio, control overhead, latency and throughput. The NS2 based simulation result
reveals that AODV and DSDV are suitable for small and low mobility MANETs and
are not efficient under the scalable and the highly dynamic mobile environment.
These results motivate the need for a new routing protocol that provides efficient
routing under a large scale and dynamic network conditions for the future.
Problem statement: An important tool in the field of education methodology is examination. As far as teaching-learning-evaluation process is concerned, the major task associated with the objective-type examination system is the administration of question paper setting. The lack of expertise and time are the major constraints that are encountered in the task of setting objective type question papers. During retrieval of records from a objective type question bank, redundancy may occur. To solve this problem, an approach needed to retrieve records from a database without redundancy. Approach: The task associated in generating the required collection of questions from a question bank, with minimal redundancy as far as possible in the retrieval of records from the question bank using mid-square and mid-product techniques for random number generation were discussed in this study. Results: A modified approach was identified and handled to generate random numbers and used to retrieve records from a database Conclusion: The suggested modified approach was more suitable for retrieving records from a database of even smaller size.
