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Niric Oxide is a gas. It is highly reactive; that is , it participates in many chemical reactions and it also has many physiological functions. The signaling functions of NO begin with its binding to protein receptors
on or in the cell. The binding sites can be either: a metal ion in the protein or one of its S atoms, e.g. on cysteine. In either case, binding triggers an allosteric change in the protein which, in turn, triggers the formation of a
second messager within the cell. The most common protein target for NO seems to be guanylyl cyclase, the enzyme that generates the second messenger cyclic GMP
