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Articles
by
J. P Lepine |
Total Records (
3 ) for
J. P Lepine |
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Y Huang
,
R Kotov
,
G de Girolamo
,
A Preti
,
M Angermeyer
,
C Benjet
,
K Demyttenaere
,
R de Graaf
,
O Gureje
,
A. N Karam
,
S Lee
,
J. P Lepine
,
H Matschinger
,
J Posada Villa
,
S Suliman
,
G Vilagut
and
R. C. Kessler
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Background
Little is known about the cross-national population prevalence or
correlates of personality disorders.
Aims
To estimate prevalence and correlates of DSM–IV personality disorder
clusters in the World Health Organization World Mental Health (WMH)
Surveys.
Method
International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) screening questions
in 13 countries (n = 21 162) were calibrated to masked IPDE clinical
diagnoses. Prevalence and correlates were estimated using multiple
imputation.
Results
Prevalence estimates are 6.1% (s.e. = 0.3) for any personality disorder and
3.6% (s.e. = 0.3), 1.5% (s.e. = 0.1) and 2.7% (s.e. = 0.2) for Clusters A, B
and C respectively. Personality disorders are significantly elevated among
males, the previously married (Cluster C), unemployed (Cluster C), the young
(Clusters A and B) and the poorly educated. Personality disorders are highly
comorbid with Axis I disorders. Impairments associated with personality
disorders are only partially explained by comorbidity.
Conclusions
Personality disorders are relatively common disorders that often co-occur
with Axis I disorders and are associated with significant role impairments
beyond those due to comorbidity. |
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D Levinson
,
M. D Lakoma
,
M Petukhova
,
M Schoenbaum
,
A. M Zaslavsky
,
M Angermeyer
,
G Borges
,
R Bruffaerts
,
G de Girolamo
,
R de Graaf
,
O Gureje
,
J. M Haro
,
C Hu
,
A. N Karam
,
N Kawakami
,
S Lee
,
J. P Lepine
,
M. O Browne
,
M Okoliyski
,
J Posada Villa
,
R Sagar
,
M. C Viana
,
D. R Williams
and
R. C. Kessler
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Background
Burden-of-illness data, which are often used in setting healthcare
policy-spending priorities, are unavailable for mental disorders in most
countries.
Aims
To examine one central aspect of illness burden, the association of serious
mental illness with earnings, in the World Health Organization (WHO) World
Mental Health (WMH) Surveys.
Method
The WMH Surveys were carried out in 10 high-income and 9 low- and
middle-income countries. The associations of personal earnings with serious
mental illness were estimated.
Results
Respondents with serious mental illness earned on average a third less than
median earnings, with no significant between-country differences
(2(9) = 5.5–8.1, P = 0.52–0.79). These
losses are equivalent to 0.3–0.8% of total national earnings. Reduced
earnings among those with earnings and the increased probability of not
earning are both important components of these associations.
Conclusions
These results add to a growing body of evidence that mental disorders have
high societal costs. Decisions about healthcare resource allocation should
take these costs into consideration. |
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R. C Kessler
,
K. A McLaughlin
,
J. G Green
,
M. J Gruber
,
N. A Sampson
,
A. M Zaslavsky
,
S Aguilar Gaxiola
,
A. O Alhamzawi
,
J Alonso
,
M Angermeyer
,
C Benjet
,
E Bromet
,
S Chatterji
,
G de Girolamo
,
K Demyttenaere
,
J Fayyad
,
S Florescu
,
G Gal
,
O Gureje
,
J. M Haro
,
C. y Hu
,
E. G Karam
,
N Kawakami
,
S Lee
,
J. P Lepine
,
J Ormel
,
J Posada Villa
,
R Sagar
,
A Tsang
,
T. B Ustun
,
S Vassilev
,
M. C Viana
and
D. R. Williams
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Background
Although significant associations of childhood adversities with adult
mental disorders are widely documented, most studies focus on single childhood
adversities predicting single disorders.
Aims
To examine joint associations of 12 childhood adversities with first onset
of 20 DSM–IV disorders in World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys in 21
countries.
Method
Nationally or regionally representative surveys of 51 945 adults assessed
childhood adversities and lifetime DSM–IV disorders with the WHO
Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI).
Results
Childhood adversities were highly prevalent and interrelated. Childhood
adversities associated with maladaptive family functioning (e.g. parental
mental illness, child abuse, neglect) were the strongest predictors of
disorders. Co-occurring childhood adversities associated with maladaptive
family functioning had significant subadditive predictive associations and
little specificity across disorders. Childhood adversities account for 29.8%
of all disorders across countries.
Conclusions
Childhood adversities have strong associations with all classes of
disorders at all life-course stages in all groups of WMH countries. Long-term
associations imply the existence of as-yet undetermined mediators. |
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