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by
I.U. Umoren |
Total Records (
2 ) for
I.U. Umoren |
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N.U. Benson
,
M.U. Etesin
,
J.P. Essien
,
I.U. Umoren
and
M.A. Umoh
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Fishes are important bioindicators of the integrity of aquatic ecosystems and were used to evaluate the status of heavy metal pollution in an oil impacted aquatic ecosystem (Imo River) located within the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mg, Mn, Ni and Zn were determined using inductively coupled plasma spectrometer (Optima 3000-Perkin Elmer). The metal concentrations in liver and muscle tissues of Ethmalosa fimbriata (bonga fish), Chrysichthyes nigrodigitatus (catfish), Lutiana ava (pink snapper), Stellifer lancelatus (croaker) and Tilapia guineensis (Tilapia) were consistently higher in the livers than in the muscle tissues of all the five fishes. Magnesium concentration was anomalously higher in the muscle tissue than liver of C. nigrodigitatus, E. fimbriata and L. ava but not in S. lancelatus and T. guineensis. Muscle-liver ratios (MLRs) of the respective heavy metals ranged between 0.089 (CuM:CuL) and 1.299 (MgM:MgL) for C. nigrodigitatus, 0.186 (CrM:CrL) and 1.401 (MgM:MgL) for E. fimbriata, 0.194 (CuM:CuL) and 1.498 (MgM:MgL) for L. ava, 0.131 (CuM:CuL) and 0.646 (NiM:NiL) for S. lancelatus, 0.009 (CuM:CuL) and 0.916 (MgM:MgL) for T. guineensis. Interestingly, copper indicated least MLR in almost all the investigated fishes except in E. fimbriata. Magnesium showed the highest MLR in all fish species except in S. lancelatus. On the other hand, the cadmium/zinc ratios were higher in the muscle tissues than livers of all the fishes analyzed except in E. fimbriata. The threshold contamination value for human dietary risk was however, not exceeded. |
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B.S. Antia
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E.J. Akpan
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P.A. Okon
and
I.U. Umoren
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Levels of some nutrients and antinutrients of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas), leaves were determined using standard analytical methods. Crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, ash, carbohydrate, moisture contents and calorific values were 24.85%, 4.90%, 7.20%, 11.10%, 51.95%, 82.21% and 351.30 kcal respectively. The vitamin compositionwas found to be at the levels of 0.672 mg/100g for vitamin A and 15.20 mg/100g for vitamin C. The elemental analysis of the leaves in mg/100g Dry matter (DM) indicated that the leaves contained appreciable levels of zinc (0.08), potassium (4.05), sodium (4.23), manganese (4.64), calcium (28.44), magnesium (340.00) and iron (16.00). The antinutrient composition for phytic acid, cyanide, tannins and total oxalate were 1.44 ± 0.01, 30.24 ± 0.02, 0.21 ± 0.02 and 308.00 ± 1.04 mg/100g respectively. These results reveal that the leaves contain an appreciable amount of nutrients, vitamins and mineral elements and low levels of toxicants and should be included in diets to supplement our daily allowance needed by the body. |
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