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| Articles
by
I.P. Guissou |
Total Records (
7 ) for
I.P. Guissou |
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J. Sakande
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E. Kabre
,
M. Lompo
,
E. Pale
,
J.B. Nikiema
,
O.G. Nacoulma
,
M. Sawadogo
and
I.P. Guissou
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In previous studies, using a bioassay-guided fractionation procedure; five
fractions (E1F1, E2F2, E3F3, E4F4 and E5F5) from powdered Borassus aethiopum
male inflorescences were extracted. Among these, the dichloromethane methanol
extract E2F2 was found to exert significant anti-inflammatory and antipyretic
activities and pro apoptotic effect. It seemed important to pursue the investigations
to understand the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-inflammatory
activity was studied, C Reactive Protein (CRP) level in mice blood was immunoturbidimetry
after inflammation induction and antioxidant activity was studied using 1,1
diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Phytochemical screening was carried out according
to the methodology for chemical analysis for vegetable drugs. Among 3 fractions
(I1; I2, I3) of E2F2, I1 was the most active with a percentage of inhibition
(PI) of 80%. This anti-inflammatory activity was twice high than indometacin
(PI = 40%). The I1 fraction cause significant decline of concentration of CRP
compared with indometacin. The radical scavenging activities of I1 were approximately
4 times lower than ascorbic acid. Phytochemical analyses of Borassus aethiopum
extracts revealed the presence of terpenoids, steroids and saponins which all
have been shown to be potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidants. The present
study confirmed the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of Borassus
aethiopum extracts with results comparable with those of standard compounds
such as indometacin. Further studies are needed to isolate, purify and identify
the chemical structure of the compounds responsible for anti-inflammatory and
antioxidant activity. |
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Y. Potchoo
,
I.P. Guissou
,
M. Lompo
,
E. Sakie
and
B. Yaro
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The aim of the present study is to evaluate and compare
the antioxidant potential of the leaves extracts of Annona senegalensis
(Annonaceae) of Togo versus the one of Burkina Faso. To this end, aqueous
methanol and ethyl acetate extracts by splitting and by steeping were
achieved and the determination of total polyphenols of which flavonoids
was carried out. A survey of the antioxidant activity using the DPPH methods
was performed. The content in total polyphenol (3.47 ± 0.03%) and
flavonoid (2.33 ± 0.17%) of 70% (v/v) aqueous methanol extract
of the specimen from Togo was significantly higher than the one from Burkina
(2.66 ± 0.08 and 1.64 ± 0.04%, respectively) (p<0.00001
for total polyphenol; p<0.05 for total flavonoid), whereas, the amount
of total flavonoid in the ethyl acetate extract of the species from Burkina
(40.38%) was triplicated. For the two types of extracts, the species of
Burkina Faso showed an improved antioxidant activity than the one of Togo
(IC50 = 8.51 and 21.08 μg mL-1 versus 12.46
and 29.22 μg mL-1, respectively) (p<0.05). These free
radicals inhibition activity of the extracts may be due at least to polyphenolic
flavonoids identified by means of HPLC assay performed in the preliminary
study. These flavonoids were rutin and isoquercetrin as flavanols (specimen
from Togo) of which are added epicatechin and catechin derivatives (flavanols)
in the specimen from Burkina. The traditional use of plant leaves may
imply in part this activity against the free radicals. |
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M. Lompo
,
I.P. Guissou
,
J. Dubois
,
J.P. Dehaye
,
S. Ouedraogo
,
A. Traore
and
N. Some
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In the present study, the antipyretic, analgesic and antiphospholipase A2 properties were investigated to explain the antiinflammatory effect of the stem barks aqueous extract. Yeast-induced hyperthermia in rat test was used to evaluate the antipyretic effect; writhing response induced by acetic acid in mice and rat tail-flick tests were used for antinociceptive effect. The effect of extract on the release of Arachidonic Acid (AA) and Oleic Acid (OA) in P388D1 cells was also investigated for the inhibitory activity of Phospholipase A2. It was found that 1 g kg-1 of extract inhibited significantly Yeast-induced hyperthermia about 100% only 1 h after administration. The extract inhibited significantly the writhing response. The ED50 of extract was 157.821 mg kg-1 wile ED50 for Aspirin was 65.09 mg kg-1. The reaction time to thermal stimuli was prolonged significantly (p<0.05) in dose-dependant manner in rats treated with 500 mg kg-1 (5.93 sec) and 750 mg kg-1 (7.08 sec) versus the control (4.32 sec) at 60 min. The extract inhibited the release of arachidonic (59.69%) and oleic acid (27.63%) and so inhibited Phospholipase A2 activity in P388D1 cells. |
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A. Tibiri
,
J.T. Banzouzi
,
A. Traore
,
G.O Nacoulma
,
I.P. Guissou
and
B. Mbatchi
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This study was aimed to assess the possible toxic effects of Entada africana, a widely used African medicinal plant. The acute toxicity of the methanolic stem bark and leaf extracts of Entada africana Guill. and Perr., (Mimosaceae) was assessed on mice. It revealed an average toxicity with a LD50 of 146.7 and 249.9 mg kg-1 body weight for stem barks and leaves, respectively. The extracts showed no cytotoxicity against KB and Vero cells. Sub-chronic toxicity was assessed in rabbits, which received orally, daily for a month, a dose corresponding to 10% of the LD50. Compared to the control group this dose caused no significant (p>0.05) modification of haematological and biochemical parameters, total cholesterol, urea, creatinine and aspartate amino-transferase (AST). The extracts lowered serum glucose significantly (p<0.05) by 52% at first two weeks of treatment. The stem bark and leaf extracts showed temporary decrease (p<0.05) of Alanine amino transferase (ALT) by 26.1 and 39.1%, respectively. The stem bark extracts increased triglycerides significantly (p<0.01) by 108% at the end of last week of treatment. These investigations seemed to indicate the safety ob sub-chronic oral administration (up to 14.67 and 24.9 mg kg-1 body weight) of the methanolic extracts of Entada africana in rabbits. |
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A. Gansane
,
S. Sanon
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P.L. Ouattara
,
S. Hutter
,
E. Ollivier
,
N. Azas
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A. Traore
,
A.S. Traore
,
I.P. Guissou
,
I. Nebie
and
B.S. Sirima
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The aim of the study is to investigate through traditional medicinal plants the possibility for discovery and development of new active and safe antimalarial drugs. For ecological reasons, bark of trunk of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides instead to roots was used by traditional healers in Burkina Faso to treat malaria or fever and recent study showed that crude alkaloid extract from the bark of trunk displayed good antiplasmodial activity. The bio-guided chromatographic fractionation of this crude alkaloid extract with solvents yielded 11 semi purified fractions which were tested for their antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity, respectively against Plasmodium falciparum W2 strains and K562S cells maintained in continuous culture and using flow cytometer. Non polar fractions 2, 3 and 4 displayed good antiplasmodial activity with IC50 ranging from 1.91 to 4.32 μg mL-1 and little toxicity with selectivity index ranging from 3.03 to 6.15. These data allow further investigations in terms of purification, isolation and development of new antiplasmodial compounds from these semi purified fractions and development of improved phytomedicine. |
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Y. Potchoo
,
D. Richard
,
E. Sakie
,
I.P. Guissou
,
F. Kini
and
B. Yaro
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In view to valorize the traditional medicine of Togo,
a comparative phytochemical screening was undertaken on the leaves powder
extracts of Annona senegalensis of Togo and the one originates
from Burkina Faso. The different extracts were obtained by splitting (percolation)
and by steeping the vegetable material with appropriate solvents. The
main chemical groups of the extracts were characterized by the aid of
specific chemical reactions. The 70% aqueous methanol and aqueous extracts
were analysed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The
rate of the relative humidity in Togolese leaves powder was higher (9.7
± 0.9%) compared to the one from Burkina Faso (7.0 ± 1.1%)
(p<0.05). The chemical tests in the limit of their sensitivity and
their specificity allowed us to detect some various components hereafter:
sterols/triterpenes, carotenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanosides, saponosides
and tannins. The HPLC assay has confirmed the presence of some flavonoids,
namely rutin and isoquercetrin (specimen from Togo) and the preceding
compounds plus epicatechin and catechin derivatives (specimen from Burkina).
These differences in the qualitative composition of bioactive compounds
of extracts corroborate with the role of the ecosystem on the phytochemical
constituents of the two species. |
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J. Sakande
,
P. Rouet-benzineb
,
H. Devaud
,
J.B. Nikiema
,
M. Lompo
,
O.G. Nacoulma
,
I.P. Guissou
and
A. Bado
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Borassus aethiopum MART (Arecaceae) is a plant used in traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of various diseases (bronchitis, laryngitis, antiseptic). In particular, their male inflorescences were reported to exhibit cicatrizing, antiseptic and fungicidal properties. In the present study, the biological activity of E2F2, an apolar extract from Borassus aethiopum male inflorescence was investigated on colon cancer HT29 cells. Phytochemical screening was carried according to methodology for chemical analysis for vegetable drugs. Cells proliferation was determined by the MTT assay and cells cycle distribution was analysed by using laser flow cytometer (Beckman coulter). The cytoskeleton organisation was examined under a laser scanning confocal microscope (Zess). Preliminary phytochemical analysis of E2F2 extract revealed the presence of sterols, triterpenes and saponosids. E2F2 extract (1 μg and 100 μg mL-1) significantly inhibited cell proliferation by blocking cell population in G0/G1 phase. Flow Cytometric analysis of E2F2-treated HT29 cells showed that hypoploïd cell population (sub G1 phase) increased with processing time exposures. Immunofluorescence confocal analysis revealed a disrupt actin microfilaments network in E2F2 treated-cells with a significant reduction in actin stress fibres and appearance of a random, non-oriented distribution of focal adhesion sites. These data indicate that E2F2 extract has anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities. Further studies are required to unravel the mechanisms of action of E2F2 extract. |
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