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Articles by I.I. Dafwang
Total Records ( 13 ) for I.I. Dafwang
  F.O. Abeke , S.O. Ogundipe , A.A. Sekoni , I.A. Adeyinka , O.O. Oni , A. Abeke and I.I. Dafwang
  A study was conducted to determine the response of broiler starter and finisher chicks to dietary levels of Lablab purpureus beans processed by boiling in water for 30 min at 100 °C. For both the starter and the finisher phases, seven isonitrogenous diets containing 23.78% crude protein for the starter and 20.91% crude protein for the finisher were formulated to contain lablab seed meal at 0.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 25.0 and 30.0% levels respectively. Diet 1, in each phase had no lablab and served as the control. Each dietary treatment for the starter and the finisher phases was replicated three times in a completely randomized design. There were 25 birds per replicate. Feed and water were given ad libitum. The experiment lasted from 0 to 4 weeks for the starter phase and from 5 to 8 weeks for the finisher phase. Results obtained for the starter phase shows significant (p<0.05) depression in final weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency and feed-gain ratio. These parameters decreased as the level of lablab seeds in the diets increased. However, feed cost (/kg feed and /bird) were significantly (p<0.05) reduced as the level of lablab seed meal increased in the starter diets. The results obtained for the finisher phase also showed a similar trend. While there were significant (p<0.05) decreases in final weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency as the level of lablab seed meal increased in the diets, feed cost (/kg feed and /bird) were significantly (p<0.05) lowered. Parameters measured for carcass analysis such as live weight and weights of the breast, thigh, wing, neck, legs and head showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease as the dietary levels of lablab seed meal increased. The PCV, Hb and the TP status of the blood indicated significant (p<0.05) decreases as the levels of lablab in the diets increased. However, Lablab purpureus beans can be included up to 5% level in broiler starter and up to 10% level in broiler finisher diets without any adverse effect on the performance of the birds.
  F.O. Abeke , S.O. Ogundipe , A.A. Sekoni , I.I. Dafwang , I.A. Adeyinka , O.O. Oni and A. Abeke
  This study was conducted to determine the response of laying hens to graded dietary levels of cooked Lablab purpureus beans. Six isonitrogenous diets with similar calorie levels were formulated to contain lablab seed meal at 0.0, 7.5, 15.0, 22.5, 30.0 and 37.5%, respectively. Diet 1, which contained no lablab, served as the control diet. It was a normal groundnut cake-maize based layers ration. Each treatment was replicated three times in a completely randomized design. There were 25 laying hens per replicate. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. The birds were managed under the deep litter system. The experiment lasted for 6 months. There was a significant (p>0.05) decrease in final weight, percent change in body weight, feed intake (g bird-1 day-1), feed efficiency, percent hen-day and hen-housed egg production, percent production at peak, average egg weight (g) and income above feed expenses (x) as the level of lablab beans in the diets increased but feed cost (x/12 eggs), age at 25, 50 and at peak egg production (days) and the Roche Yolk Colour Fan (RYCF) score increased significantly (p<0.05) as dietary level of lablab seeds increased. It was concluded that lablab seed meal can be fed up to 7.5% dietary level in layers ration without any significant (p>0.05) adverse effect on percent hen-day and hen-housed egg production.
  F.O. Abeke , S.O. Ogundipe , A.A. Sekoni , I.A. Adeyinka , O.O. Oni , A. Abeke and I.I. Dafwang
  This study was conducted to determine the effect of duration of cooking of Lablab purpureus beans on the performance, carcass characteristics and haematological profile of broiler finishers from 4-8 weeks of age. Seven isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated to contain 50% of Lablab beans boiled at 100OC for 0.0, 10.0, 20.0, 30.0, 40.0, 50.0 and 60.0 min, respectively together with a control diet which was a conventional groundnut cake-maize based broiler finisher diet. This amounted to a total of eight dietary treatments. Each treatment was replicated three times, in a complete randomized design. There were 25 broiler chicks (4 weeks old) per replicate. Feed and water were given ad libitum. The experiment lasted for four weeks. Results obtained show that increasing the duration of cooking of lablab seeds up to 30 min had significant (p<0.05) positive effect on final weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency and mortality rate. The performance of the birds became better as the duration of cooking increased up to 30 min. Beyond that, performance began to decline as the cooking time increased beyond 30 min. It was observed that birds fed the control diet performed significantly (p<0.05) better than all the lablab based diets.
  F.O. Abeke , S.O. Ogundipe , A.A. Sekoni , I.I. Dafwang , I.A. Adeyinka , O.O. Oni , B.I. Nwagu and A. Abeke
  This study was conducted to determine the response of Shika Brown cockerels to graded levels of Lablab purpureus beans, processed by boiling in water for 30 min at 100°C. Six isonitrogenous diets with similar caloric levels were formulated to contain lablab seed meal at 0.0, 7.5, 15.0, 22.5, 30.0 and 37.5%, respectively. Diet 1, which had no lablab seeds and served, as the control, was a groundnut cake-maize based chick diet. Each diet served as a treatment and each treatment was replicated three times in a completely randomized design. There were 30 birds per replicate making a total of 540 birds for the study. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. The experiment lasted 8 weeks. The results obtained showed significant (p<0.05) negative responses of the cockerels to dietary levels of lablab. It was observed that there was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in final weight and weight gain as the level of lablab in the diet increased. Feed efficiency was observed to decrease significantly (p>0.05) as the level of lablab in the diet increased. Mortality was not however significantly (p>0.05) affected by feeding lablab in the diet of the cockerels. Feed cost (/bird) and total cost (/bird) were significantly reduced (p<0.05) as the dietary levels of lablab seed increased. Also organ weights and haematological parameters were not significantly (p>0.05) affected by feeding graded dietary levels of cooked Lablab purpureus beans in the diets of Shika brown cockerels.
  S.B. Afolayan , I.I. Dafwang , T.S.B. Tegbe and A. Sekoni
  Sweet Potato Meal (SPM) was used to substitute maize on weight for weight basis as a dietary source of energy for starter and finisher chickens. The SPM was incorporated at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60% levels in both studies without adjustments for energy and protein. Ross broiler chicks obtained from a local hatchery were used for the studies. Three replicates of 15 chicks each were randomly allocated to each of the 7 treatments in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) for the starter phase while the number of birds was reduced to 14 per group for the finisher phase. Parameters measured or calculated include feed intake, body weight gain, feed efficiency, feed cost, feed cost/kg wt. gain, mortality and carcass characteristics. The starter phase study was on 1 to 5 week-old chicks while the finisher study was on 6 to 9 week-old chickens. The trend of results in the two phases were similar and showed that weight gain, feed intake and total cost of raising birds decreased significantly (p<0.5) while the feed cost/kg wt. gain and feed: gain ratio increased (p<0.05). The control, 10 and 20% SPM diets gave similar feed efficiency. The control gave the best performance, though its performance was not different (p>0.05) from those of the 10 and 20% SPM diets. Dietary SPM levels had no adverse effects on mortality and carcass characteristics. It is concluded that SPM should not be included beyond 20% level when substituted for maize on a weight for weight basis without adjusting the dietary protein and energy.
  S.B. Afolayan , I.I. Dafwang , A. Sekoni and J.O. Jegede
  A study was conducted to compare maize and Sweet Potato Meal (SPM) as sources of energy in grower chickens’ diets while another was conducted to determine the effect of SPM on the performance of the birds used in the grower study. A total of 210 pullets aged 10 weeks of Shika Brown breed were used for the grower study, while a total of 180 chickens aged 23 weeks acquired from the proceeds of the first study were used for the layer study. Five treatments comprising of diets containing 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% levels of SPM were applied in both experiments in a completely randomized manner and performance of birds were monitored at both phases. Each of the experiments lasted 12 weeks. Result of grower study showed that the control, 10 and 20% SPM diets produced similar weight gain, final weight, feed efficiency and feed cost kg-1 weight gain and were superior (p<0.05) to 30 and 40% SPM diets. Result of the layer experiment showed that the control, 10 and 20% SPM diets produced similar final body weight, weight gain, feed intake, hen-day egg production and cumulative egg production/bird which were significantly better (p<0.05) than those produced by the 30 and 40% SPM diets. Ages at 1st egg and at 5% production were least (p<0.05) for the control birds while the age at 50% production was least for the 10% SPM diets. From the result, it is inferred that grower chicken or young layers should not be fed with diets containing more than 20% SPM.
  P.A. Onimisi , I.I. Dafwang , J.J. Omage and J.E. Onyibe
  Two hundred and forty Ross Broiler chicken were used in a completely randomized design to evaluate the apparent digestibility of Obatampa, a quality protein maize (QPM) and normal maize (NM) nutrients with respect to crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, ash and nitrogen free extract, as well as total tract and Ileal amino acids. There were 4 dietary treatments, each having 3 replicates with 20 birds per replicate. Two pure diets each of NM and QPM were formulated, one each without synthetic lysine supplementation (T2 and T3 for NM and QPM respectively) and one each with synthetic lysine supplementation (T2 and T4 for NM and QPM respectively). The diets were fed to the birds for two weeks before feacal collections and dissecting for Ileal sampling. Apparent Digestibility of nutrients, fecal and Ileal amino acids were higher for normal maize diets without lysine supplementation. Supplementation of diets with synthetic lysine increased nutrient and amino acids digestibility for QPM.
  U. Musa , P.A. Abdu , I.I. Dafwang , J.U. Umoh , L. Sa`idu , U.M. Mera and J.A. Edache
  A study on seroprevalence, seasonal occurrence and clinical manifestation of Newcastle Disease Virus (ND) among rural household chickens and Live Birds Markets (LBM) was conducted using haemagglutination Inhibition Test (HI) and questionnaires. A total of 1, 208 chickens reared under extensive management system in four Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Plateau State were used for the study. The seroprevalence of ND virus antibodies in rural chickens showed that there was no statistically significant (p > 0.05) difference among the four LGAs and of the 1,208 sera tested, 51.9% had detectable antibodies to NDV but only 14.1% of the chickens had HI antibody titre of > 4log2 which was considered as protective. About 86.2% of the chickens sampled were at risk of suffering from clinical ND. Newcastle disease outbreaks occurred year round in the villages sampled with the highest incidence of 86.6% observed from November to March (Dry season) and September to October, 8.31% (Pre-dry season). During outbreaks of ND, infected birds exhibit the following major clinical signs; nervous signs (32.4%), weakness (16.6%), whitish/greenish diarrhea (16.2%), coughing/sneezing 13.6%, anorexia 9.39% and others 11.8%. It was concluded that the prevalence of ND in the four LGAs of Plateau State is high. At the time of the study over 80% of rural chickens in Plateau State were at risk of dying from ND when exposed to a virulent NDV. It is therefore recommended that vaccination and improved management practices as a means of prevention against ND before the period of outbreaks should be instituted.
  I.I. Dafwang , U. Musa , P.A. Abdu and J.U. Umoh
  A study was conducted in Plateau State of Nigeria which has two distinct agro-ecological zones; a humid sub-temperate region in the North and a sub-humid hotter region that is part of the Northern Guinea Savanna ecological zone of Nigeria in the South. A sample of 1240 farmers from two Local Governments in each of the two ecological zones were surveyed to assess the poultry population and strains of birds as a prelude to the introduction of interventions for control of Newcastle Disease and other programs for improving rural poultry productivity. Results showed that the farmers owned an average of 20 chickens, 6 ducks, 0.3 turkeys, 1 pigeon and 1.2 guinea fowls per household. Each household reared two or more strains of chicken and most had different types of poultry in the same backyard. There were more Naked neck and long legged chickens in the hotter ecological zone but more Barred plumage strains in the cooler ecological zone.
  S. Duru and I.I. Dafwang
  Three experiments were conducted concurrently to determine the effect of maxigrain supplementation of isocaloric diets with or without rice offal, the effect of maxigrain supplementation of diets containing rice offal at two levels of energy and the effect of maxigrain supplementation of diets in which the maize content was substituted with rice offal on a weight to weight basis. The experiments were conducted with 210 broilers from 2-5 weeks of age. Results showed that maxigrain supplementation did not have any effect on broiler performance when broilers were fed isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets with or without rice offal. Maxigrain supplementation improved the performance of broilers when added to low energy diets. The improvement in broiler performance was same at 0.1 and 0.2% maxigrain supplementation. The study confirmed earlier recommendations that rice offal can be fed at levels of up to 15% in broiler chick diets without adverse effect on growth performance and concluded that maxigrain enzyme supplementation may be beneficial only when added to diets containing lower than recommended energy and protein levels.
  Itoe Salome , I.I. Dafwang and G.S. Bawa
  A total of 225 day old broiler chicks were used to evaluate the use of Methiorep, a herbal Methionine product, as a substitute for synthetic Methionine in broiler diets. The experiment lasted from 0-4 weeks of age. The birds were randomly allocated to 5 dietary treatments in 3 replicates of 15 birds each, giving a total of 45 birds per treatment. The 5 dietary treatments comprised diet 1 which was devoid of supplementary Methionine and Methiorep, diet 2 had 0.25% Methionine, while diets 3-5 had graded levels of 0.25, 0.5 and 1% Methiorep respectively. All diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. The results showed that birds fed the Methionine supplemented diet performed significantly (p<0.05) better than other treatments in body weights, weight gains, feed intake, feed to gain and feed cost per kg gain. Dietary treatments had no significant effect on mortality rate. An analysis of the effect of graded levels of Methiorep on growth performance showed that Methiorep significantly improved growth performance up to 1% inclusion level but growth performance even at that level was inferior to that obtained on the 0.25% Methionine supplemented diet. It is concluded from this experiment that Methiorep is not an effective substitute for Methionine under the conditions of this study.
  P.A. Vantsawa , S.O. Ogundipe , I.I. Dafwang and J.J. Omage
  An experiment was conducted to study the replacement value of dusa (locally processed maize offal) for maize in the diets of pullets (9-20 weeks) and their subsequent early laying performance. Three hundred and seventy eight (378) eight weeks old egg type pullets of approximately equal weights were randomly allocated to seven dietary treatments with three replicates of 18 birds each. The seven dietary treatments composed of rations in which graded levels of dusa replaced maize up to 100% in diet seven. At the end of the experiment average feed consumption was significantly (p<0.05) lower for the control and it increased as the level of dusa increased in the diets. The final body weight of pullets was better for treatment four which contained equal proportion of maize and dusa in the diets. The cost (N*kg gain) was significantly (p<0.05) higher for the control diet and it decreased as the level of dusa increased in the diets. The subsequent performance of birds revealed that the weight of birds at first egg, 10% and at 50% egg production were better for treatment four. The weight of first egg and ages at first egg were better for the diets with higher level of maize. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in ages at 10%, 50%, peak egg production, weight of eggs at peak production and cost (N*dozen egg) for all the treatments. There was a 39.03% savings in cost of production by using dusa in pullets diets.
  P.A. Onimisi , J.J. Omage , I.I. Dafwang and G.S. Bawa
  Three hundred and sixty days old Ross Broiler Chicks were used in a completely randomized design feeding trial to evaluate the benefits of replacing Normal Maize (NM) with Quality Protein Maize (QPM) (Obatampa variety) in Broiler diets. There were 6 treatments of 3 replicates each and each replicate had 20 chicks. Six diets were formulated in which the NM in diet was replaced by QPM at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% representing T1, T2, T3, T4 AND T5, respectively while T6 was normal maize base diet balanced for lysine. The appropriate diets were fed to the birds for 4 weeks in the starter phase and 4 weeks in the finisher phase. At the starter phase, there was gradual numerical increase in weight gain as QPM increased in the diet. T5 was significantly better than T1-T4 but T6 was the overall best performance. Feed consumption was similar for T1-T5 but significantly higher for T6. Feed/gain ratio improved as QPM increased in the diet (p<0.05). Dressing % and weights of organs expressed as % of live weight and body parts expressed as % of dressed weight were not different statistically (p>0.05).
 
 
 
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