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by
D. Sivaraman |
Total Records (
8 ) for
D. Sivaraman |
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T.S. Shanmugarajan
,
M. Arunsundar
,
I. Somasundaram
,
E. Krishnakumar
,
D. Sivaraman
and
V. Ravichandiran
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The current communication was designed to assess the
cardioprotective effect of the methanolic leaf extract of Ficus hispida
Linn. (FH) (400 mg kg-1 body weight, administered orally
for 10 days) on cyclophosphamide (CP) provoked oxidative injury in rat
heart. CP cardiotoxicity, induced by single intraperitoneal injection
(200 mg kg-1 b.wt.), was revealed by elevated serum creatine
phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase
(AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT). CP induced rats, treated with FH
depicted near normalcy in these parameters. In the CP group, increased
oxidative stress was evidenced by a significant rise in myocardial malondialdehyde
(MDA) level and decline in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT),
glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase
(GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) activities in the heart tissue. FH
treated rats displayed a significant inhibition of lipid peroxidation
(LPO) and augmentation of endogenous antioxidants. These results give
credence to the notion that treatment with F. hispida leaf
extract ameliorates CP induced cardiotoxicity and might serve as a novel
combination therapy with CP to combat oxidative stress-mediated myocardial
injury. |
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D. Sivaraman
,
P. Muralidharan
and
P. Panneerselvam
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Alzheimer’s disease is a primary degenerative disease
of the central nervous system. The progression of Alzheimer’s disease will
ultimately lead to dementia, behavioral and cognitive impairments. Alzheimer’s
is the commonest cause of dementia, a group of progressive condition which involves
especially short-term memory loss, poor concentration, poor sense of time and
space, difficulty in finding words or understanding other people, difficulty
in perceiving and interpreting surroundings, mood changes and emotional upsets.
The present study was designed to determine the ameliorating effect of ethanolic
leaf extract of Ficus hispida Linn. (EEFH) on (amyloid beta) Aβ
25-35-induced cognitive deficits and oxidative stress in mice. Animals were
treated with EEFH for periods of 4 weeks dose-dependently (200 and 400 mg kg-1)
then received a single intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of Aβ
25-35 (10 μg mouse-1). Behavioral changes in the mice were evaluated
using passive avoidance, Y-maze, Hole board and water-maze tests. Anti-oxidant
enzymes and neuro-transmitter levels were also been estimated. EEFH at the dose
of 400 mg kg-1 significantly ameliorated the cognitive and memory
deficits caused by i.c.v. injection of Aβ 25-35. EEFH attenuated the Aβ-induced
increase in brain levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. There was
an increase in glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and super oxide
dismutase activity in EEFH treated groups. The acetyl cholinesterase activity
in the brain was lower in EEFH supplemented groups than the Aβ-injected
group. EEFH treated group showed a significant alteration in behavior when compare
to negative control in Y maze, Plus-maze and also in water maze tests. These
findings suggest EEFH exerts a protective effect against cognitive deficits
induced by Aβ 25-35 accumulation in Alzheimer’s disease, because of
its potential antioxidant property. |
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D. Sivaraman
,
P. Panneerselvam
and
P. Muralidharan
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Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily manifesting as a loss of memory, senile dementia, intra neuronal neurofibrillary tangle formation and cerebral parenchyma deposition of the β-amyloid protein in the form of amyloid plaques is the most stereotypic cognitive and neuropathological hallmarks of AD. The present study was designed to determine the ameliorating effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Ipomoea aquatica (HAEIA) on amyloid beta (Aβ) 25-35-induced cognitive deficits and oxidative stress in mice. Animals were treated with HAEIA for periods of 4 weeks dose-dependently (200 and 400 mg kg–1) then received a single Intra Cerebro Ventricular (ICV) injection of Aβ 25-35 (10 μg/mouse). Cognitive behavioral changes in the mice were evaluated using step down inhibitory avoidance, object recognition test, y-maze, hole board, elevated plus maze and water-maze tests. Brian level neurotransmitter such as dopamine, noradrenaline serotonin, glutamate and metabolic enzymes like acetylcholineserase, monoamine oxidase A and B estimated by using spectrofluorimeter technique. Results obtained from the study indicate that HAEIA at the dose of 400 mg kg–1 significantly ameliorated the cognitive and memory deficits caused by ICV injection of Aβ 25-35. The acetyl cholinesterase, monoamine oxidase and glutamate activity in the brain was lower in HAEIA supplemented groups than the Aβ-injected group. The HAEIA significantly improves the level of serotonin, dopamine, nor-adrenaline in treatment group when compare to Aβ-injected group. In conclusion plant like ipomoea auatica often served has a valuable lead for the clinical management of AD with minimal side effects. |
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T. S. Shanmugarajan
,
E. Krishnakumar
,
I. Somasundaram
,
D. Sivaraman
,
M. Arunsundar
,
R. Balaji
and
S. M. Sivakumar
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In the present study, we evaluated the effect of Ferulic Acid (FA) supplementation (20 mg kg-1 body weight) on GalN provoked hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats. Hepatotoxicity was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of GalN (500 mg kg-1 body weight) and manifested by an increase in the levels hepatospecific marker enzymes like Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH). In contrast, pretreatment with FA significantly ameliorated all these alterations. GalN intoxicated rats visualize a remarkable oxidative stress, as evidenced by a significant elevation in Lipid Peroxidation (LPO) with a concomitant decrease in the glutathione (GSH) activity. These changes were coupled with a marked decline in the activities of enzymic antioxidants [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) and Glutathione Reductase (GR)] in the liver tissue of GalN administered rats. FA pretreated rats exhibit a significant inhibition of LPO and augmentation of endogenous antioxidants. Further, there was an increase in the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acids followed by a decrease in the levels of phospholipids in serum and liver. Pretreatment with FA reversed these alterations to near normal. Results of this study revealed that FA could afford a significant protection in the alleviation of GalN induced hepatocellular injury. |
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T.S. Shanmugarajan
,
M. Arunsundar
,
I. Somasundaram
,
D. Sivaraman
,
E. Krishnakumar
and
V. Ravichandran
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The current study was designed to scrutinize the putative
hepatoprotective potential of the methanolic leaf extract of Ficus
hispida Linn. (FH) (400 mg kg-1 body weight) on cyclophosphamide
(CP) elicited oxidative injury in rat liver. CP administration (150 mg
kg-1 body weight, i.p., twice, in 2 consecutive days) caused
liver injury, featuring substantial increase in serum aspartate transaminase
(AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate
dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and bilirubin
levels. In contrast, treatment with FH significantly precluded all these
alterations. CP intoxicated rats depicted a remarkable oxidative stress,
as evidenced by a significant elevation in lipid peroxidation (LPO) with
a concomitant decrease in the GSH activity. These changes were coupled
with a marked decline in the activities of enzymic antioxidants [superoxide
dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase
(GST) and glutathione reductase (GR)] in the liver tissue of CP-administered
rats. FH treated rats displayed a significant inhibition of lipid peroxidation
(LPO) and augmentation of endogenous antioxidants. Taken together, these
findings emphasize the hepatoprotective effect of F. hispida
leaf extract against CP-induced oxidative liver injury. Hence, F.
hispida might serve as a promising medicinal herb in complementary
chemotherapeutic modalities. |
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D. Sivaraman
,
S. Shantha Kumar
,
P. Muralidharan
and
Habibur Rahman
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Background: To investigate the effect of Methanol root extract of Hemidesmus indicus (MEHI) on cerebral infract by four vessel occlusion method. Method: A total of 36 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were studies. In the present study the animals were pretreated with MEHI for a period of 1week (200 and 400 mg kg-1) p.o. Cerebral ischemia was established by permanent occlusion of vertebral artery followed by 15 min occlusion of bilateral carotid arteries. After 24 h of reperfusion the animal behavior were evaluated for neuromuscular function, vestibulomotor function and complex neuromotor function. The treatment was continued for another week after surgery with root extract and the animals were sacrificed and the brain was removed and homogenized. The homogenized content was used for the estimation of anti-oxidant enzymes and various neurotransmitter levels. Results: The group treated with 200 and 400 mg kg-1 MEHI showed significant (p<0.01) improvement in neuromuscular, vestibulomotor, complex neuromuscular function when compared with negative control group. Significant increase in brain anti oxidant enzymes was observed in MEHI treated group when compared to negative control. The MEHI treated groups exhibited a significant decrease in the levels of acetyl choline esterase, glutamate and monoamine oxidase-B. Increased levels of dopamine and serotonin were observed in the treated group when compared with ischemic group. Conclusion: MEHI can improve the neurological status and may reduce the cerebral infract in ischemia-reperfusion injured rats. |
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D. Sivaraman
,
P. Panneerselvam
,
P. Muralidharan
and
T. Purushoth Prabhu
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Objective: The present investigation was carried out to evaluate
the safety of an hydroalcholic extract of Ipomoea aquatica Forsk (HAEIA)
leaves by determining its potential toxicity after acute and sub-acute administration
in rodent. Materials and Methods: For the acute study HAEIA was administered
in single doses of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg kg-1 (p.o). General behavior,
adverse effects and mortality were determined for up to 14 days. The sub-acute
toxicity test was based on the daily administration of two doses of HAEIA (200
and 400 mg kg-1 body weight) for four weeks, 0.1% CMC served as control
group. Results: In the acute and sub-acute study hydroalcoholic (Water
plus ethanol) extract of Ipomoea aquatica leaves doesn’t caused
any change in general behavior, adverse effects and mortality. Throughout the
study period no sign of toxicity was registered. Conversely, the sub-acute doses
stimulated slight increase in body weight of the animals treated test drug.
Further it was observed that HAEIA at the dose of 200 and 400 mg kg-1
did not modify the weight index. It was evident that daily oral dose of HAEIA
at at both the dose level for 28 day days did not shown any significant change
in hematological parameters and also no change observed in biological analysis
of serum Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline
phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, creatinine, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) levels.
Conclusion: In view of the results obtained through acute toxicity and
sub-acute study of Ipomoea aquatica (Water Spinach) which is consumed
as a traditional medicine of india and china. No significant changes were observed
in organ weights and histopathological results showed normal profile suggesting
no morphological alterations there is a wide margin of safety for the therapeutic
use of this plant was proved through this study which enables the research to
carry out the lead invention from the natural resources. |
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D. Sivaraman
,
P. Muralidharan
and
Habibur Rahman
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Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the anxiolytic effect of a methanol extract of Ficus hispida Linn. Leaves in young adult mice. Materials and Methods: Anxiety in rodents was induced by administration of corticosterone (5 mg/kg/day), treated for 4 weeks developed an anxiety. Actophotometer, elevated plus maze, zero maze, hole board and rotarod paradigm were used to assess the anxiolytic activity of the methanolic leaf extract Ficus hispida Linn. (MEFH) at the dose of 200 and 400 mg kg-1. p.o. and diazepam 1 mg kg-1, i.p. were administered 30 min before the tests. Result: The results showed that the MEFH significantly increased the number of head poking and line crossing in the hole board test. In the elevated plus maze the MEFH at the dose of 400 mg kg-1 significantly increased the duration of exploration in open arm in similar way to that of diazepam. Further, in the zero maze the extract produced significant increase in time spent in open arm as compared to negative control. In the rotarod MEFH at the dose of 200 and 400 mg kg-1 significantly decreased the fall off time which shows the muscle relaxing property of the plant. The spontaneous locomotor activity count, measured using actophotometer, was significantly decreased in animal pretreated with MEFH. Indicating the remarkable sedative effect of the plant. Conclusion: The result of the present study suggests that leaves of Ficus hispida Linn. may possess an anxiolytic effect. |
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