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| Articles
by
C. y Hu |
Total Records (
3 ) for
C. y Hu |
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H. L Huang
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F. L Chen
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C. C Hsu
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Y. Y Yen
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T Chen
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C. M Huang
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H. Y Shi
,
C. Y Hu
and
C. H. Lee
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The aim was to comprehensively examine school-based tobacco policy status, implementation and students’ perceived smoking at school in regard to gender-specific differences in smoking behavior. We conducted a multilevel-based study to assess two-level effects for smoking among 2350 grades three to six students in 26 randomly selected elementary schools in southern Taiwan. A series of multilevel models were analyzed separately for male and female students. The school-level variables appear to be related to smoking behavior in male students. Among males, the risk of ever-smoking was significantly associated with those schools without antitobacco health education activities or curricula [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 6.23, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.55–15.24], with a high perceived smoking rate (aOR = 3.08, 95% CI: 1.41–6.72) and located in a mountainous region (aOR = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.15–5.58). The risk of ever-smoking among females was significantly associated with those schools without antitobacco activities or curricula (aOR = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.27–7.55). As compared with female counterparts, the specific school that the male students attended had a positive significant effect on the risk of being ever-smokers. The findings suggest that effective tobacco policy implementation should be considered in elementary schools that are currently putting children at the greatest risk for cigarette smoking, especially in regard to male students. |
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I Bedrosian
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C. Y Hu
and
G. J. Chang
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Background
Despite increased demand for contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM), the survival benefit of this procedure remains uncertain.
Methods
We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database to identify 107 106 women with breast cancer who had undergone mastectomy for treatment between 1998 and 2003 and a subset of 8902 women who also underwent CPM during the same period. Associations between predictor variables and the likelihood of undergoing CPM were evaluated by use of 2 analyses. Risk-stratified (estrogen receptor [ER] status, stage, and age) adjusted survival analyses were performed by using Cox regression. Statistical tests were two-sided.
Results
In a univariate analysis, CPM was associated with improved disease-specific survival (hazard ratio [HR] of death = 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.57 to 0.69; P < .001). Risk-stratified analysis showed that this association was because of a reduction in breast cancer–specific mortality in women aged 18–49 years with stages I–II ER-negative cancer (HR of death = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.53 to 0.88; P = .004). Five year–adjusted breast cancer survival for this group was improved with CPM vs without (88.5% vs 83.7%, difference = 4.8%). Although rates of contralateral breast cancer among young women with stages I–II disease undergoing CPM were independent of ER status, women with ER-positive tumors in the absence of prophylactic mastectomy also had a lower overall risk for contralateral breast cancer than women with ER-negative tumors (0.46% vs 0.90%, difference = 0.44%; P < .001).
Conclusions
CPM is associated with a small improvement in 5-year breast cancer–specific survival mainly in young women with early-stage ER-negative breast cancer. This effect is related to a higher baseline risk of contralateral breast cancer.
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R. C Kessler
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K. A McLaughlin
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J. G Green
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M. J Gruber
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N. A Sampson
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A. M Zaslavsky
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S Aguilar Gaxiola
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A. O Alhamzawi
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J Alonso
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M Angermeyer
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C Benjet
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E Bromet
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S Chatterji
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G de Girolamo
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K Demyttenaere
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J Fayyad
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S Florescu
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G Gal
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O Gureje
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J. M Haro
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C. y Hu
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E. G Karam
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N Kawakami
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S Lee
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J. P Lepine
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J Ormel
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J Posada Villa
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R Sagar
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A Tsang
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T. B Ustun
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S Vassilev
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M. C Viana
and
D. R. Williams
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Background
Although significant associations of childhood adversities with adult
mental disorders are widely documented, most studies focus on single childhood
adversities predicting single disorders.
Aims
To examine joint associations of 12 childhood adversities with first onset
of 20 DSM–IV disorders in World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys in 21
countries.
Method
Nationally or regionally representative surveys of 51 945 adults assessed
childhood adversities and lifetime DSM–IV disorders with the WHO
Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI).
Results
Childhood adversities were highly prevalent and interrelated. Childhood
adversities associated with maladaptive family functioning (e.g. parental
mental illness, child abuse, neglect) were the strongest predictors of
disorders. Co-occurring childhood adversities associated with maladaptive
family functioning had significant subadditive predictive associations and
little specificity across disorders. Childhood adversities account for 29.8%
of all disorders across countries.
Conclusions
Childhood adversities have strong associations with all classes of
disorders at all life-course stages in all groups of WMH countries. Long-term
associations imply the existence of as-yet undetermined mediators. |
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