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Asian Journal of Agricultural Research

Year: 2014 | Volume: 8 | Issue: 5 | Page No.: 234-247
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Authors

D. Ruswandi

Agustian

E.P. Anggia

A.O. Canama

H. Marta

S. Ruswandi

E. Suryadi

Keywords

Drought stress is a very important factor in the reduction of maize production in Indonesia. A series of experiments were conducted to identify early maturing mutants, to study their genetic similarity and to select for mutants tolerant to drought stress. The first experiment was done in Jatinangor to identify early maturing second generation mutants (M2). The experiment was laid on augmented design with two replications in which fifteen M2 population groups with their nonmutant parentals were used as genetic materials. The second experiment was conducted in Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Breeding, University of the Philippines at Los Banos to analyse DNA of 28 early maturing M2 using SSRs markers. The third experiment was conducted in Majalengka to select mutants tolerant to drought stress. The experiment was arranged in augmented design consisting of two replications of 18 nonmutant parental lines and 161 M3 which have been selected for early maturity. The last experiment was laboratory screening in the Plant Breeding Laboratory, University of Padjadjaran to confirm field drought tolerant mutants. The experiment was arranged in a Randomize Block Design (RBD) using 64 of M4 which showed early maturity. In the first experiment, there were 35 M2 that showed early maturity. Gamma irradiation was found to increase the phenotypic variation and diversity of plant height, ear weight, days to tasseling and days to harvesting. The SSR analysis was found to be a valuable DNA marker system to study genetic diversity of mutant and non-mutant lines. The mutant and non-mutant lines were clustered into two major cluster and seven sub-clusters based on a phylogenetic tree analysis using UPGMA. Based on the field screening for drought in the third experiment and confirmatory experiment in the laboratory, M3DR 18.8 and its progeny of M4DR 18.8.1 (selfing of 18.8) and M3DR 18.5 and its progeny, M4DR 18.5.1 (selfing of 18.5) are tolerant mutant lines as shown by their positive index of drought and their physiological response to water stress simulation using PEG. Those mutant lines could be considered for breeding program for tolerance to drought as an anticipation of global climate change.
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