Abstract: The present study deals with the preparation of pure alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) protein and its corresponding antibody in albino rabbits. This antibody was found very useful in the immuno-diagnosis of human pulmonary emphysema. This study also has been concerned with the biochemical changes associated with AAT deficiency in pulmonary emphysema. To fulfill this work, pure AAT antigen was separated from blood of healthy persons. The AAT was used for the preparation of anti-AAT, the purity and potency of antibody was checked by titration methods. The biochemical changes were studied in three groups clinically divided to control, heavy cigarette smokers with pulmonary emphysema and non-smoking subjects with pulmonary emphysema. The results of this study revealed that the level of serum AAT and its tryptic inhibitory capacity (TIC) showed very highly significantly decreased level in both smokers and non-smokers as compared to control, while the elastase activity and hydroxyproline (HP) level in Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) as a marker of elastin and collagen breakdown were significantly increased in these patients. Moreover the level of serum ceruloplasmin and transferrin as antioxidant substances; IgA level as predominant immunoglobulins responsible for local immune response in respiratory tract; As well as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as a direct indicator of oxidative stress showed significantly increased level in such patients as compared to control. In conclusion, the preparation of pure AAT and the production of its corresponding anti-human AAT on the local level is less expensive and less time consuming than the commercial anti-AAT and can be useful in immuno-diagnosis and prognosis of pulmonary emphysema. Also it is clear from the foregoing findings that emphysema especially in smoking subjects would affect on other biochemical parameters.