Abstract: The onset of the industrial revolution has led to a surge in the quantity of hazardous compounds that are released into the environment. These hazardous pollutants consist of a variety of hydrocarbons and other organic compounds that pose serious risks to humans, animals and the environment. The presence of hydrocarbons in wastewater effluents is due to a variety of sources, which include oil spillage, pesticides, urban storm water discharges and automobile oil. The removal of hydrocarbons from wastewater before discharge into receiving water bodies from wastewater effluents entails a variety of processes, with the most common processes being phytoremediation, bioremediation and chemical remediation. Phytoremediation is a cost effective method of reducing risk to human and ecosystem health posed by contaminated water. It entails the use of plants for the removal of contaminants and could involve mechanisms such as phytodegradation, rhizodegradation, rhizofiltration, phytoextraction, phytovolatilization, hydraulic control and phytostabilization. On the other hand, bioremediation is the use of microorganisms to breakdown or degrade pollutants in a contaminated site. The technology is low cost and has a generally high public acceptance. It consists of biostimulation (addition of nutrients to indigenous microorganisms) and bioaugmentation (addition of hydrocarbon degrading microorganisms). In the case of chemical remediation, it involves the use of chemicals for the treatment of contaminated sites. Substances, such as dispersants and solidifiers are used in chemical remediation. This study was aimed at reviewing the sources, impacts and remediation processes for hydrocarbon polluted wastewater effluents. This review was able to describe the sources and impacts of hydrocarbon polluted wastewater effluents and the various methods of treatment.