Abstract: Nanoscience and nanotechnology have found their way into the fields of biotechnology and medicine. The nanomaterials level is the most advanced at present, both in scientific knowledge and in commercial applications. Nanoparticles by themselves offer specific physicochemical properties that they do not exhibit in bulk form, where materials show constant physical properties regardless of size. These materials are superior and indispensable in many areas of human activity due to their unique size-dependent properties. An approach was made herein to review the synthetic strategies of nanoparticles, their characterization techniques and applications in the field of biology.