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Research Journal of Seed Science

Year: 2014 | Volume: 7 | Issue: 4 | Page No.: 116-124
DOI: 10.17311/rjss.2014.116.124
Survey for Bird Seed Mixtures Entered Iraqi Kurdistan Region Markets
Sumaya Ahmad Abdulla and Ahmed Salih Khalaf

Abstract: Samples of 1 kg weight of bird seed mixture were drawn randomly from local grocers of Iraqi Kurdistan governorates (Erbil, Duhok, Sulaimani and Kirkuk) from different packaging materials during 23/2/2013. Each sample was divided into four batches of 250 g to represent four replications; the samples were kept at the laboratory of Field Crops Department, University of Salahaddin to study. One hundred gram was drawn as testing sample was analyzed for their components as percentage, packaging material and the country of entry source, mixture samples frequency, seed species frequency and families. The collected data was analyzed statistically using Statistical Analysis System (SAS). The results revealed that birdseed mixtures entered to Iraqi Kurdistan Region illegally without declaration certificate, mainly from Turkey, Spain, Poland and Iran but to a lower extend from other countries, Russia, Belgium and Germany and it was entered in different extent into the governorates. Nineteen seed species were identified and twelve were non-identified species in addition to inert materials. The identified seeds were (flax, Linum usitatissimum L., Linnaceae), (safflower, Carthamus tinctorius L., Asteraceae), (brassica, Brassica rapa L., Brassicaceae), (groundnut, Arachis hypogaea L., Fabaceae), (mungbean, Vigna radita (L.) R. Wilczek, Fabaceae), (corn, Zea mays L., Poaceae), (squash, Cucurbita pepo L., Cucurbitaceae), (millet, Panicum miliaceum L., Poaceae), (wheat, Triticum aestivum L., Poaceae), (barley, Hordeum vulgare L., Poaceae), (rice, Oryza sativa L., Poaceae), (lentil, Lens culinaris Medikus, Fabaceae), (oat, Avena sp. L., Poaceae), (vicia, Vicia villosa Roth subsp. varia, Fabaceae), (pine, Pinus edulis Engelm., Pinaceae), (sesame, Sesamum indicum L., Pedaliaceae), (soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, Fabaceae), (sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., Asteraceae) and (sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Poaceae) and five species were considered as alien or exotic (niger, Guizotia abyssinica L., Asteraceae), (hemp, Cannabis sativa L., Canabaceae), (buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, Polygonaceae), (bromus, Bromus ciliatus L., Poaceae) and (canary, Phalaris canariensis L., Poaceae). The components analyzed in term of percentage, frequency, indicated that these mixtures were not blended properly within the standard rules, as there was great variation even within the seed of the same species.

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How to cite this article
Sumaya Ahmad Abdulla and Ahmed Salih Khalaf, 2014. Survey for Bird Seed Mixtures Entered Iraqi Kurdistan Region Markets. Research Journal of Seed Science, 7: 116-124.

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