Abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate the potential anti-diabetic effect of Anthocleista vogelii ethanolic root extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Albino rats of both sexes were randomly divided into five groups with five rats each. Group 1 (control; 10 mL kg–1 distilled water), group 2-4 (100, 200 and 400 mg kg–1 A. vogelii ethanolic root extract) and group 5 (5 mg kg–1 glibenclamide). Diabetes was induced physiologically using 10 g kg–1 glucose p.o. and chemically using 150 mg kg–1 alloxan i.p. Fasting blood glucose levels of the diabetic rats were determined at intervals of 30, 60, 120 and 240 min in glucose loaded rats and on days 4, 7, 10 and 14 in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. After two weeks, the levels of serum cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate amino transferase and creatinine of all the groups were analyzed. The LD50 of A. vogelii ethanolic root extract was ≥5000 mg kg–1 (p.o.). The extract exerted a significant (p<0.05) reduction in Fasting blood glucose levels, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels and an increase in serum high density lipoprotein levels when compared to the control. The extract also elicited a significant decrease in body weight, food and water intake in diabetic treated rats. The results show that A. vogelii ethanolic root extract have anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipideamic effect when administered for 14 days in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.