Abstract: The present study aimed to ascertain potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of chromium concentrations to local population in Birjand, Iran. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) based on chromium concentrations the non-carcinogenic carcinogenic and risk assessment like Average Daily Dose (ADD), Hazard Quotient (HQ) and the Cancer Risk (CR) of being exposed to chromium by drinking water was calculated. The values for ADD, ADDLife, HQ and CR were found. The results suggest that in Birjand, where people have consumed drinking water contaminated with Cr, 41.17 and 7.35% of samples have HQ>1 and 94.11% of samples have Cancer Risk (CR)>106. Industrial activities, such as industrial wastewater leaks, improper storage and disposal of industrial waste has been the release of chromium in soil and water.