Abstract: World’s largest contiguous mangrove forest Sunderbans has a human population pressure of more than one million apart from dense mangrove and its biological diversity. These made the area ecologically fragile having frequent anthropogenic interferences with the forest environment. These populations mainly consist of marginal farmers and fishermen who are entirely dependent on the natural resources of the area including mangroves. This study aims to elucidate the existing livelihood opportunities as well as alternative sustainable natural resource using options in this area which will be beneficial for this huge population. Appropriate community based natural resource management as well as processing technology and its mass dissemination are the most important aspects in this regard to sustain the ecological and socio-economic balance in the Sunderbans.