Abstract: Host plant resistance provides an economical approach to stabilize crop production and enhance profitability. Highly variable pathogens, such as anthracnose, will require additional sources of host resistance for crop improvement. Sorghum germplasm from Mali, West Africa was artificially inoculated with anthracnose (Colletotrichum sublineolum) to identify sources of resistance to the disease. During the dry and wet growing seasons in 2003, 270 sorghum accessions from the Mali working collection were evaluated for anthracnose resistance in Puerto Rico. A resistant response was observed for 245 accessions during the dry season and for 215 accessions in the wet season. The results would indicate that climatic conditions were more favorable for disease development during the wet season. The resistance response for 196 accessions was also effective against Texas isolates of the pathogen. The mode of inheritance for 41 accessions indicated the presence of dominant and recessive gene action. Genetic variation for resistance and resistance to multiple pathotypes of the disease would suggest that Mali sorghum germplasm would be useful for sorghum improvement.