Abstract: Objective: This study examined the visual performance of elementary school students in Taiwan by investigating knowledge, attitude and behavior toward vision care of students who participate and did not participate in athletics. Methodology: Variance and predictive analyses of relationships between vision performance and geographic variables as well as variables of knowledge, attitude and behavior toward vision care for 350 elementary school students in Taiwan were performed. Results: A significantly higher percentage of athletes who played non-ball games had normal vision than non-athletes. There were no significant differences in variables for visual knowledge, attitude and behavior toward vision care between athletes and non-athletes. Furthermore, when geographic variables were processed and analyzed with hierarchical regression, four intervals could be sequentially incorporated into the model to identify indicators of student’s visual performance. The results of this analysis showed that geographic and variables of knowledge, attitude and behavior toward vision care did not predict student’s visual performance. Conclusion: Researchers recommend that school administrations promote vision care programs and outdoor activities to prevent vision loss.