Abstract: To elucidate whether and how in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD), infection of H. pylori intensifies the anemia, a cross-sectional study that was conducted on 39 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis treatment who had various upper gastrointestinal complaints consisting of epigastric pain, epigastric burning, postprandial fullness, early satiety, bloating and belching. Mean ages of patients were 46(±18) years. The dialysis duration was 30±(35) months (median: 18 months). Mean±SD of hemoglobin and hematocrit level of all patients were 9±2 g/dl and 28±6%. The value of serum helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) specific IgG antibody titers of all patients was 7.6 (±9.9)u/ml (median:2 u/ml). In this study non significant difference of H. Pylori-IgG antibody level between males and females or diabetic and non-diabetic hemodialysis patients were seen, and a significant inverse correlation of H. Pylori-IgG antibody level with serum hemoglobin and hematocrit in male hemodialysis patients and a significant inverse correlation of H. Pylori-IgG antibody level with serum iron were found. Also non significant correlation of serum H. Pylori-IgG antibody level with Hgb, Hct and serum iron in all patients, female, non diabetics and diabetic HD groups were found. In hemodialysis patients an inverse correlation between H. pylori infection with hemoglobin and hematocrit level as well as with serum iron, implies more attention to H. pylori infection in these patients and aggravation of anemia with H. pylori infection needs aggressive treatment of H. pylori infection in these patients.