Abstract: Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is one the main leguminous crop plants world wide, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where the rainfall is low and often unevenly distributed. However, its production is limited by insect attacks and numerous diseases including those caused by viruses. In Burkina Faso, the Cowpea Aphid-Borne Mosaic Virus (CABMV) is one of the viruses capable of causing 7-60% of yield losses. The aim of this study is to assess the susceptibility of 21 cowpea varieties against CABMV and to also assess the yield losses caused by this virus on each of the varieties. In this context trial was conducted on INERA research stations at Kamboinsé and Farako-Bâ in 2012 and 2013. Twenty one varieties were used for this study. The experimental design used is a split-plot with 4 repetitions for which the first 2 repetitions were inoculated with the CABMV. Symptoms caused by the CABMV on the 21 varieties of cowpea were of a great diversity. The assessment of the virus in infected plant samples from these varieties by ELISA test allowed detecting the mosaic virus in all samples that presented mosaic symptoms. The number of flowers and pods strongly varied depending to the type of plant (inoculated or non-inoculated plant) and the variety. Yields from the different varieties, comprised between 187 and 6250 kg ha–1, were influenced by the site, the year, the variety and the type of plant. Yields losses were ranged from 3-64% depending to the variety.