Abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible anti-diabetic potential of Asafetida extract against the pancreatic β-cells damage from alloxan-induced diabetes in rats and some hormones related to diabetes mellitus. Asafetida induced significant reduction in blood glucose and increasing of serum insulin, our data indicate that the level of glucose in the animals that subjected with alloxan was 10.28 ±0.85 mmol L-1 p<0.05 comparing with control group 3.27±0.25 p<0.05, the level of blood glucose in diabetic group when subjected with Asafetida extract decreasing to 6.75±0.31 p<0.05. There was significant amount of insulin secretion in diabetic animals when subjected with Asafetida extract 0.48±0.05 p<0.05 in comparison with diabetic animal’s 0.33±0.06 p<0.05. These findings suggested that Asafetida extract treatment exerts therapeutic protective effect in diabetes by preserving pancreatic β-cells integrity and significant activity extract, which supports traditional usage to prevent diabetic complications.