Abstract: A causal relationship between Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and the occurrence of digestive diseases in adults and children has been proven. The present study was carried out to determine prevalence of HP in relation to sex, age and promotive factors among human urban population of Bahawalpur-district, Pakistan for a period of 10 months (Feb. 01, 2004 to Nov. 30, 2004). HP-positive (serum IgG antibodies) participants were interviewed regarding past and current socioeconomic indicators; demographic characteristics; nutritional and behavioral habits and history of gastrointestinal symptoms of family members. HP-infection was ascertained through the 13C-UBT. The population (5-65 years) was divided into three age groups; adult (>50 years), mature (10-50 years) and child (<10 years). The results from present study indicated that among the observed urban population of Bahawalpur (n = 3846), prevalence of HP was 45.66%. HP prevalence when studied in different age groups of both sexes, it was found maximum (47.43%, n = 875) in adult male as compared to mature males (46.00%, n = 924) and child males (39.27%, n = 545). The higher prevalence (49.60%, n = 631) in adult females as compared to mature females (47.71%, n = 547) and child females (39.51%, n = 324) was observed. Data showed higher prevalence of infection in female groups in comparison to respective male groups. Analysis of socioeconomic status, indicated a higher HP infection (44.70%, n = 3246) in the individuals from families with a low socioeconomic level and a high rate of overcrowding. The prevalence of bacteria (HP) was 37.78% (n = 953), 35.63% (n = 1625) and 64.43% (n = 1268) in fresh, stored inside house and water users from other sources, respectively. The infection was higher in those whose parents/family members had suffered from gastroduodenal disease. HP-infection was more frequent (66.83%, n = 1643 and 52.38%, n = 2167) in toilet user outside the home and smokers, respectively. The infection with HP was common among population of Bahawalpur district which was linked to age, sex, smoking, history of gastrointestinal symptoms of family members, deprived socioeconomic conditions and poor sanitation.