Abstract: Common bean is one of the most important crops in majority regions of Iran. Determination of effective traits on biological nitrogen fixation and seed yield as indirect selection criteria is very important in breeding this valuable crop. For this reason 160 common bean genotypes were cultivated in two separate augmented design. Genotypes were inoculated with bacteria Rhizobium legominosarum biovar Phaseoli isolate L-109 only in one of the experiments. Second experiment was considered as check for first. Analysis of variance indicated non-significant difference between blocks for all the traits. Correlation analysis showed that majority of the traits had positive and highly significant correlation with percent of nitrogen fixation. Step-wise regression designated that traits percent of total nitrogen of shoot, number of nodule per plant and biological yield accounted for 91.6% of variation in percent of nitrogen fixation. Path analysis indicated that these traits have direct and positive effect on percent of nitrogen fixation. Hence, these traits are promising indirect selection criteria for genetic improvement of nitrogen fixation capability in common bean genotypes. Results of correlation analysis also revealed that all the traits studied correlated positively and significantly with seed yield. Amongst, traits harvest index, biological yield, number of nodule per plant and percent of nitrogen fixation entered to regression model and verified 95% of seed yield variation. Path analysis indicated that harvest index and biological yield have considerable and positive direct effect on seed yield. Therefore, these traits recommend as the best indirect selection criteria for improvement of seed yield especially in early generations.