Abstract: Forty-three cultivars from the Greek collection of groundnut were characterized and evaluated for various agronomic and quality traits and resistance to waterlogging, during 1986-90 in the farm of the Cotton and Industrial Plants Institute. Seventeen morphological and physiological traits included in the descriptor lists of IBPGR and ICRISAT were used in total. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) extracted 5 factors representing 77.3% of the total variation. PC1 explained 35.6, PC2 14.2, PC3 13.0, PC4 8.4 and PC5 6.1% of the total variance. Cluster analysis classified the assessed cultivars into distinct cultivar-groups on the basis of pod and seed characteristics. The evaluation showed that most Greek Arachis cultivars belong to subspecies hypogaea, group Virginia. Only a few belong to subspecies fastigiata groups Valencia or Spanish. The experimental work succeeded in preliminary identification of certain cultivars with promising tolerance to waterlogging at harvest which are to be used either directly in the Arachis production zone in Northern Greece, or as breeding materials for the improvement of the species.