Abstract: This study reviews the characteristics and economic value of Colophospermum mopane a multipurpose indigenous tree growing in many countries of southern Africa. In Botswana the tree is confined to the north-eastern parts of the country and provide goods (fire wood, timber and poles) and services (soil and water, environmental and biodiversity conservation). The tree is a host to mopane worm (Imbrasia belina) that feeds on its leaves and the worm is a famous protein rich human food and economical resource in southern Africa.