Abstract: Bacterial spot of pepper, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, has been epidemic in the last few years in Adana and Osmaniye, located in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. Pepper plants in fields were surveyed in 2002, 2003 and 2004 for bacterial spot disease. The surveys indicated that disease prevalence was recorded as 52, 91 and 100% in 2002, 2003 and 2004. Disease incidence was higher and more severe on plants. Isolated strains during the 3-year survey in the region were identified by morphological, physiological, biochemical tests, pathogenicity on pepper plants, das-ELISA and amplification of 355 bp hrp genes by PCR.