Abstract: An investigation on ecology, diversity, survival, taxonomic identification and reproduction of Nong Rawiang dry dipterocarp forest in Northeast Thailand was carried out on Warin soil series (Oxic Paleustults) during the 2000 to 2002. Eight quadratic plots, each with a dimension of 40×40 m, were chosen for this investigation. Each plot was divided into three equal subplots for soil sampling replications. The results showed that mean values of annual rainfall, relative humidity, temperature and radiant energy from the sun were 89.51 mm, 81.50%, 27.53°C and 341.19 Cal. cm-2/day, respectively. Rainfall was occurred in all months of the year except December. Soil analysis data revealed that the Nong Rawiang dry dipterocarp forest soil is a poor soil type in Northeast Thailand. There are 10 dominant tree species with numbers of trees per quadratic plot ranged from 83 to 210 for Q6 and Q2, respectively. Shannon-Wiener index of diversity ranged from 1.25 to 2.12% for Q4 and Q5, respectively. The Nong Rawiang dry dipterocarp forest has 22 different tree families with 35 species. Only 5 dominant tree species gave fruits and seeds. Seed germination % of the tree species carried out under laboratory ranged from 16 to 93 for Ellipanthus tomentosus and Sindora siamensis and V. maritime, respectively. Reproductive success under natural germination, Xylia xylocarpa species was the lowest (0.01%) and Ellipanthus tomentosus species was the highest (40.89%).