Abstract: Plant gene pools are reservoirs of variations, which provide the raw material for crop improvement. Samples in the form of seeds representing the spectrum of genetic variation within cultivated species and their wild relatives. Each variety or a group of varieties exhibits characteristic banding pattern. On the basis of these patterns they can be identified accordingly. Electrophoretic patterns of the protein fractions are directly related to the genetic background of the proteins and can be used to certify the genetic makeup. SDS-PAGE is increasingly used to describe the genetic structure of crop germplasm identification. A total of twenty accessions of rice (Oryza sativaL.) germplasm were analyzed for total seed protein through SDS-PAGE, to ascertain the extent of genetic variation and its geographical distribution. A considerable variation in protein banding pattern was observed which was distributed to various geographical regions. Inter-specific variation was more as compared to intra-specific variation.