Abstract: The project area, Koh–e–Sufaid Range, falls in the upper part of Kurram Agency, FATA Pakistan. The objectives of the study were to enlist plant species of the project area which have medicinal value; to know an indigenous knowledge of medicinal and other economically important plants of the area; to explore the possible channels of trading medicinal plants; and to study the impacts of plants on the socio-economic conditions of the local population and suggest practical measures for conservation of flora under stress. The sources of fuels in the study area are gas cylinders, fuelwood smuggled from Afghanistan, trees in arable land and forest trees. During winter, almost all the people in the project area use Afghan fuelwood. Average daily fuelwood consumption in the area was 60 kg/household/day while total fuelwood consumption in the project area per year was 111.1 Million-kg. Fifty four medicinal plants were locally used by the local community for different diseases. Based on the market survey of medicinal plants, traded medicinal plants of the area were Morchella esculenta (Korkichoke), Artemisia brevifolia (Tarkha) and Teucrium stocksianum (Mastyara). Their estimated annual consumption, according to the local traders and collectors was 2,40,200 kg.