Abstract: The effects of different salinities and temperatures on the larval development of the semiterrestrial sesarmid mangrove crab Neoepisesarma lafondi (Jaquinot and Lucas, 1853) were examined under laboratory conditions. Its development comprised of four zoeal stages and the megalopa. Successful larval development was observed in 15-30 and 10-35% at 25 and 30°C, respectively. In freshwater and 5% salinity at both temperatures the larvae died within 12-18 hours without moulting to subsequent stages. The larvae reached the first crab stage for salinities between 10 and 35% at 30°C only. The highest survival rate for each larval stage was recorded at 20% for both temperatures. Total development to the first crab stage in 15-30% required 17-20 and 15-19 days at 25 and 30°C, respectively. Significant differences were detected only for megalopal duration at the different salinities and temperatures tested. Results of the combined effects of salinity and temperature suggest that the larvae of N. lafondi develop in estuarine water and recruit to the mangrove swamp at the megalopa stage, where they spend the rest of their lives.