Abstract: Molecular characterization of Plantago albicans L. accessions in sites of different edaphic characters in the north western Mediterranean region of Egypt was carried out to assess the range of genetic diversity of this species. The results indicated the necessity of using all types of data together to clarify the interpopulation relationships. Populations I (Burg El-Arab) and II (Omayed) were suggested to be two different varieties of P. albicans (variety "Typica pilger" of subspecies albicans and variety "nana" respectively). Population II was considered endangered and needs urgent conservation. Population VIII (Ras El-Hekma) was considered an ecotype.