Abstract: Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an important cereal used as feed and forage crop in Pakistan. Information on the economical dose of NP fertilizer application on barley are limited. The objective of this study was to determine the agronomic and economic effects of NP fertilizers on barley production under dryland conditions. The study was conducted at Malakandher Farm of the Agriculture University Peshawar, during 1991-92, in a randomize complete block design with 4 replications. Fertilizer treatments were: 23-0, 46-0, 69-0, 23-23, 46-23, 69-23, 23-46, 46-46, 69-46, 23-69, 46-69, 69-69 of N P205 kg ha–1 respectively vs control (0-0). Barley cultivar Frontier 87 was sown 13, Nov. 1991 in 6 rows 5 m long 30 cm apart. The results on grain yield revealed that maximum grain yield of 2995 kg ha–1 was harvested from 69-69 NP205 kg ha–1 treatment and the lowest grain yield of 507 kg ha–1 was obtained from control treatment fertilizer applied plots significantly increased grain yield as compared to control. From the economic analysis, a maximum marginal rate of return (MRR) of 5460 percent was obtained from 23-23 NP205 kg ha–1 fertilizer application, followed by 46-46 NP205 kg ha–1 fertilizer treated plot with 5210 percent MRR suggesting their use to farmers under conditions similar to those of this study. More research is needed to conclude valid recommendations for barley growers in different agroecological zones of the Northwest Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistan.