Abstract: This research was undertaken to determine the effect of NP fertilizer application on the agro-economic traits of barley (Hordeum vulgar. L. cv. Frontier 87) under dryland conditions. Fertilizer levels used were: 23-0, 46-0, 69-0, 2323, 46-23, 69-23, 23-46, 48-46, 69-46, 23-69, 46-69 and 69-69 N P205 kg ha–1, respectively vs. control (0-0). The results of this study indicated that maximum plant height (104.8 cm), maximum number of spikes m–2 (414) and grains spike–1 (45), heaviest 1000 grain wt (40.2 g), highest lodging index (3.0) were observed from 69-69 NP205 kg ha–1 of fertilizer applied. However, the highest biomass (12.65 t ha–1) was given by 69-46 N P205 followed by 69-69 N P2O5 kg ha–1 of fertilizer, applied. The lowest plant height (63 cm) and spikes M–2 (169), grain spike–1 (25), harvest index (16.3) percent, lodging index (0.4) and biomass yield (6.20 t ha–1) produced by control treatment. Days to 50 percent flowering taken by control treatment (123 d), were more than those of N P205 fertilizer applied (120 d). It may be concluded that N P2O5 fertilizer application positively affected most of the traits studied. However, further research to optimize the levels of NP fertilizer application for barley crop under different agro climatic conditions of the NWFP is needed.