Abstract: Growth performance of wheat genotypes were found in close association in the two different growth media. Wheat grain and straw yields, harvest index and P use efficiency by wheat genotypes in soil were closely related to shoot and root growth and P uptake in solution culture experiment. Results concluded that wheat genotypes with larger root system performed better under P stress in both the growth media. Results also showed that similar plant genetic factors played major role in the adaptation of genotypes to P stress conditions in solution as well as in soil. The positive relationship between phosphorus physiological efficiency index (PPEI) and shoot growth provided a clue that wheat genotypes adapted to P deficiency stress were better able to tune and remobilize the absorbed P from root to straw and then grain under P stress conditions in the field. Therefore, the genotypes with greater PPEI values produced high grain yield per unit P absorbed. Negative relationship between PPEI and root growth was expected due to net translocation of photosynthates towards root.