Abstract: Studies were undertaken to know the performance of different agronomic traits under farmer's vs improved pearl millet production technologies for enhanced productivity and net economic return. Significant differences were found between treatments as well as varieties for days to flowering, plant height, disease score, grain and stover yields. Flowering was delayed by two days when improved method of production was used. Where farmer's method was applied, flowering delayed by four days in comparison with improved technology. These results indicate that with application of inputs, flowering was enhanced. Plant height of both local and improved varieties was increased significantly with application of fertilizer and other inputs. The improved variety was found more resistant (1.13) to foliar diseases than the local variety (2.28). Where either farmer's variety or improved variety was used with farmer's practice, the plots were heavily infested with weeds right from the germination stage of the crop. When the same varieties were subjected to primextra herbicide at 0.50 kg ha–1 (a.i) the weeds remained controlled as compared to the ones with no herbicide. The higher grain and stover yields are attributed to the application of primextra herbicide. Where complete improved package of production technology (improved variety+recommended doses of fertilizers, herbicides and optimum plant density) was adopted, it gave significantly higher grain (1569 kg ha–1) and stover (21.30 t ha–1) yields. When farmer's traditional method of production was practiced, it produced lowest grain yield of 722 kg ha–1 and stover yield of 7.2 t ha–1. The higher grain and stover yields, are thus due to the use of improved variety coupled with the recommended doses of inputs. The improved variety PARC MS-1 yielded significantly higher grain yield of 1089 kg ha–1 and stover yield of 12.7 t ha–1 in comparison with local variety which yielded grain yield of 722 kg ha–1 and stover yield of 5.7 t ha–1, indicating that with the use of only improved variety the grain as well as stover yields are increased more than double of the local variety. The economic analysis showed that by adoption of improved production technology highest net income of Rs.13810 ha–1 was obtained when compared to the farmer's traditional production technology.