Abstract: A gender-dependent potential atherosclerotic risk is reported in this study to be associated with exposure to gasoline vapours in rats model. The atherosclerotic risk was assessed from the serum lipid and some electrolytes (Na+, K+ and Cl¯) profiles in male and female rats exposed wholly to 17.8±2.6 cm3/h/kg/m3/day of gasoline vapours (8 h daily, 6 days week-1) for 20 weeks in exposure chambers. A significant increase (p<0.05) in serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C), Very Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (VLDL-C), K+ and decrease (p<0.05) in High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (HDL-C), Na+ and Cl- was obtained for both male and female rats exposed to gasoline vapours. These results showed a state of hyperkalaemia, hyponatraemia, increased TG/HDL-C ratio and Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) in male and female rats exposed to gasoline vapours. However, the comparative percentage increase in serum TC, TGs, LDL-C, VLDL-C, K+, as well as percentage decrease in serum HDL-C, Na+ and Cl¯ reported to be associated with exposure to gasoline vapours, were observed to be significantly higher (p<0.05) in females than the male rats. Since hyperlipidaemia, hyperkalaemia and hyponatraemia are known to be implicated in atherosclerosis, the result of this study gives a clear indication that gasoline vapours is among the risk factors for atherosclerosis and that the females are more adversely affected than the males in rats model.