Abstract: The gliadins and high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HWM-GSs) variations of 72 Triticum polonicum accessions derived from 23 countries were characterized by A-PAGE and SDS-PAGE, respectively, for the purpose of evaluating the genetic diversity T. polonicum accessions at the level of proteins. Higher genetic variabilities were observed for both gliadins and HWM-GSs. Forty-eight gliadin bands and 65 gliadin patterns were detected. The average of genetic similarity coefficient based on gliadin bands was 0.5123. The cluster analysis indicated that all the accessions could be divided into 5 groups and the gliadin variations among T. polonicum accessions were associated with their geographic origins. Three and five HWM-GS alleles were detected at Glu-A1 and Glu-B1 loci, respectively. A total of 10 HWM-GS combinations were observed. The genetic diversity indices (H) at Glu-B1 loci (0.659) were much higher than that at Glu-A1 loci (0.271).