Abstract: Lead is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant that poses a serious threat to human health. Therefore effective methods diminishing negative influence of this metal are of great importance. In this study lead binding activity of such non-starch polysaccharides as high and low esterified pectin, calcium alginate and lignin as well as of activated charcoal was estimated under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The adsorption of lead ions from aqueous solution by mentioned substances was studied in a batch sorption system. The lead-binding capacity of all polysaccharide compounds was highest within the pH range 4.0-8.0. The Langmuir and Freundlich sorption models were applied to describe the isotherms and sorption constants. Interactions between non-starch polysaccharides except lignin could be well interpreted by the Langmuir model. In experiments estimating lead removal from inner organs and femur in rats preliminary given the heavy metal solution for three weeks, calcium alginate and low esterified pectin were the most effective agents studied compared with others. They contributed to reduced lead concentration in organs and femur as well as increased metal content in feces of laboratory animals. The results suggest that low esterified pectin and calcium alginate may be considered perspective compounds purposed for prevention and treatment of chronic lead poisoning.