Abstract: The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria was carried out on 600 HIV Positive patients on antiretroviral drug therapy and 200 apparently healthy individuals (control subjects) in Calabar, Nigeria to determine the current status of asymptomatic bacteriuria among this category of patients. Urine samples were collected in sterile universal bottles and analyzed using standard laboratory diagnostic techniques and cultured using Lee and Williams technique. CD4 cell counts were also measured. The modified Kirby-Bauer sensitivity testing technique was used for antimicrobial testing of the isolates. Patients on antiretroviral therapy had 25.3% asymptomatic bacteriuria while control subjects had 13%. There was a statistically significant difference between the prevalence of infection in patients on antiretroviral therapy and the control subjects (p = 0.0013). Males had a higher prevalence than female subjects but there was no statistically significant difference between the occurrence of infection by gender (p = 0.66). The commonest urinary pathogens isolated amongst the test subjects were Staphylococcus aureus (87.2%) followed by Escherichia coli (84%) and Candida albicans (80.8%) while Candida albicans (19.2%) was the commonest isolated organism in control subjects followed by E. coli (16%) and S. aureus (12.8%). Subjects with CD4 count of less than 200x109 L-1 showed the highest rate of asymptomatic bacteriuria of 92.3% among the test subjects while CD4 count >600x109 L-1 had the highest rate of asymptomatic bacteriuria (35%) among the control subjects. Most of the isolates from patients on antiretroviral therapy were observed to be moderately or highly resistant to the commonly used antibiotics such as Chloramphenicol, Cotrimoxazole and Streptomycin but sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Oxfloxacin, Sparfloxacin and Refloxacin. This study has shown that patients on antiretroviral therapy are more prone to asymptomatic bacteriuria than normal healthy individuals and recommend the use of Ciprofloxacin or Refloxacin for the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria among this category of patients in our environment.