Abstract: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the recurrence rate of laryngeal cancer in tracheostoma and its influential factors in patient undergoing laryngectomy. The data of 112 patients undergoing laryngectomy in Imam-Khomeini and Amir-Alam Hospitals from 2002 to 2004 were evaluated in a cohort study. The data of the age, gender, subglottic invasion, pre-operative radiation, thyroid condition during operation, staging of the tumor, pre-operative tracheostomy and primary site of the tumor of the patients were recorded. The patients were examined for stomal recurrence at 3, 6 and 12 months after operation. Suspected cases underwent more advanced diagnostic methods such as CT-scan, MRI, bronchoscopy, esophagoscopy and finally biopsy to verify presence or absence of stomal recurrence. The data of 83 patients were finally analyzed. There were 9 cases (10.84%) of recurrence in patients with tracheostoma. The number of pre-operative tracheostomy, prevalence of higher stages (T4) of cancer, thyroid resection, subglottic invasion and pre-operative radiation, were significantly higher in patients with recurrence of tracheostoma. The primary site of the tumor and the mean age of the patients did not affect the rate of recurrence. The death rate was also significantly higher in these groups. Pre-operative tracheostomy and radiation, higher stages of cancer (T4), subglottic invasion and thyroid resection as a sign of spread of tumor, are assumed as risk factors for osteomal recurrence while the primary site of the tumor was not influential.