Abstract: Adiponectin, a collagen-like plasma protein produced and secreted exclusively by adipose tissue, has been shown to have compelling anti-atherogenic, anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties. Adiponectin has been linked to insulin resistance in obesity and diabetes. The aim of the study is to measure serum adiponectin concentration in type II obese diabetic patients with various micro and macrovascular complications, as adiponectin seems to be an important modulator for metabolic and vascular diseases. The study was carried out on 60 obese patients with type II diabetes (30 patients with macrovascular complications and 30 patients with various microvascular complications). The control group consisted of 20 healthy subjects of matched age and sex. For all subjects participated in the study, Body Mass Index (BMI), fasting (FBG) and postprandial (PPBG) blood glucose, creatinine, sodium, potassium, lipid profile and adiponectin were measured. We found a highly significant decrease in serum adiponectin levels in diabetic patients compared with control group. There was a significant negative correlation between adiponectin levels and BMI, FBG, PPBG, creatinine, sodium, potassium, triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-C, with significant positive correlation between adiponectin serum levels and duration of diabetes and HDL-C in diabetic patients. These results support the hypothesis that low circulating levels of adiponectin are an important determinant of risk of cardiovascular disease and that increased adiponectin levels might be associated with better glycemic control, better lipid profile and reduced inflammation in diabetic subjects. Thus, therapeutic approaches aimed at increasing concentrations or adiponectin tissue sensitivity and action could represent a novel treatment strategy for insulin resistance in type II diabetes and might have therapeutic implications as an anti-obesity drug or as anti-atherogenic plasma protein.