Abstract: The present study has been carried out to investigate whether or not there is an increased risk of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection in persons having Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection. Never interferon therapy taken anti-HCV positive cases and controls have randomly been studied. In anti-HCV positives, HCVRNA via polymerase chain reaction and in HBsAg positives, HBVDNA via molecular hybridization have been studied. HCVRNA positivity has been detected in 74 of 102 cases with anti-HCV positivity. Although eight cases of HBsAg carrierity (3.63), four cases of chronic hepatitis B (1.81), three cases of HCVRNA positivity (1.36) and one case of anti-HCV positivity alone (0.45) have been detected in 220 controls, only four cases of HBsAg carrierity and no case of chronic hepatitis B have been detected in 74 cases of HCVRNA positivity (p>0.05) and no case of carrierity or chronic infection of HBV has been detected in 28 cases of anti-HCV positivity alone (p>0.05). Beside that, 24 cirrhosis, five hepatocellular carcinoma, two membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis one of which is together with rheumatoid arthritis and cirrhosis, two lichen planus, three asthma, one prolymphocytic leukemia together with cirrhosis, one idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, one bronchiectasis, one monoclonalgammopathy of unknown significance and two cases of non-Hodgkin`s lymphoma have been detected in 102 cases of anti-HCV positivity. Although the highly suspected relationship between HCV and many autoimmune diseases and malignancies, HCV is not a facilitating agent of HBV, either having chronic infection or being a carrier of it.