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Research Journal of Microbiology

Year: 2015 | Volume: 10 | Issue: 1 | Page No.: 14-23
DOI: 10.17311/jm.2015.14.23
Water Quality Assessment of Swimming Pools and Risk of Spreading Infections in Ghana
Courage Kosi Setsoafia Saba and Saviour Kojo Tekpor

Abstract: The quality of drinking water in most African countries is a call for concern let alone the quality of swimming pools. A very few information exist about the quality of swimming pools in Africa because most researchers concentrate on the quality of drinking water. However, the quality of swimming pool water must be as good as drinking water due to the risk of exposure to the body orifices during swimming. Seven different swimming pools in Ghana were investigated for their water qualities and the risk of spreading pathogenic and antibiotic resistant microorganisms to swimmers. Four samples each were collected purposively from each swimming pool for analysis over four months (December 2013-March 2014) period. Standard microbiological procedures were followed to isolate fecal coliforms, E. coli, total heterotrophic bacteria as well as antibiotic susceptibility test of isolated E. coli to commonly used antibiotics using the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) breakpoints. Physicochemical parameters such pH, free chlorine and turbidity were also measured. Bacteria isolated include fecal coliforms (13-36 CFU/100 mL), E. coli (5-8 CFU/100 mL) and Heterotrophic bacteria (26-90 CFU/1 mL) from all swimming pools and E. coli O157:H7 from two pools. The antibiotic that recorded the highest resistance was sulfamethoxazole (46%) followed by amoxicillin (29%), ceftriaxone (25%), chloramphenicol (21%), amoxicillin clavulanic acid (14%), ciprofloxacin (11%) and gentamicin (4%). The pH values ranged from 6.2-7.2. The free chlorine concentration obtained ranged from 1.3-1.9 mg L-1 and Nephelometric Turbidity Unit ranged from 1.1-1.7 NTU. The presence of high levels of fecal coliform bacteria and E. coli in the seven swimming pools have not met the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for recreational waters. Also, the swimming pools were below standards with regards to pH and turbidity. The antibiotic resistant isolates found in the swimming pools can easily spread to swimmers. Swimmers in pools in Ghana are at a risk of contracting infectious diseases, hence urgent and effective mitigating interventions must be devised to ensure standard measures.

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How to cite this article
Courage Kosi Setsoafia Saba and Saviour Kojo Tekpor, 2015. Water Quality Assessment of Swimming Pools and Risk of Spreading Infections in Ghana. Research Journal of Microbiology, 10: 14-23.

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