Abstract: Benefit related relationship among the artisanal fisher folks of Tombo a fishing community in Western Rural District of Sierra Leone was studied. The study was carried out to ascertain the socioeconomic activities of target, their level of involvement and reasons for going into transactional sexual activities. Eighty structured questionnaires were administered to randomly selected fishermen and people engaged in fish related activities and this was backed up by the record of reported HIV cases especially among women at the Tombo Community Health Centre. Data collected from the interview was treated using measure of central tendency such as mean and percentages and results are presented in tables and charts. Respondents’ ages ranged between 15-65 years; sex (fishermen to fish traders) was 71.3% (females) and 28.75% (males), respectively. Marital status of respondents was single, married, divorced, separated and widowed. Predominant religion of respondents was Islam and Christianity. The study revealed that transactional sex in the study area is mediated by economic, structural and environmental factors. The study also revealed that 70.12% of documented HIV cases at the Tombo Community Health Centre were female while 29.87% were male and were between the active ages of 15-55 years. Fish traders (68.8%) and fishermen (8.44%) constituted the highest carriers of HIV in the study area.