Abstract: The anatomy of the reproductive system of the adult female, the newly laid egg and its attaching system of the African Rice Gall Midge, Orseolia oryzivora were explored under photonic and electronic microscopes. The reproductive system of the female adult includes two voluminous and spherical ovaries. Each ovary is formed by a large number of ovarioles, which appear to be independent one from another. The oval laid egg of O. oryzivora is 700 μ long and 150 μ wide. Its external surface, formed by the exochorion is smooth. This exochorion, which is thin and regular, detaches easily from the underlying thicker and lighter endochorion. The egg is covered with a layer of mucus adhering to the plant surface and joining sometimes constricted accessory glands. The female adult of O. oryzivora lays its eggs in most cases singly or in small groups often connected by mucus, on the lower and upper surfaces of the rice leaf, the leaf-sheath and the stem. On the leaf, the eggs are always laid parallel to the axis of the leaf, along the central vein, between two lines of siliceous phytoliths.