Abstract: Background and Objective: Curcuma aeruginosa are widely used as antibacterial agent. This study was conducted to compare the potency of essential oil from rhizome, stem and leaves of C. aeruginosa as antibacterial toward Streptococcus mutans and as teeth biofilm degradation. Materials and Methods: The essential oils were isolated by steam distillation, meanwhile the antibacterial agent and biofilm degradation assay was carried out by micro-dilution method. Results: Essential oil of C. aeruginosa rhizome showed higher potency as antibacterial agent than stem and leaves oil with minimum inhibition and bactericidal concentration of 15.63 and 1000 μg mL–1, respectively. Otherwise, antibacterial activity of purified fraction of rhizome oil was lower than its crude oil. Biofilm degradation activity of stem crude oil was stronger than rhizome and leaves oil. Meanwhile, purified fraction of rhizome oil revealed higher biofilm degradation activity compare to stem crude oil. Further characterization using GC-MS and NMR indicated that purified fraction of rhizome oil contain 2,2,5-trimetil-2'(H)-5',6'-dihydropyrano[3',4',9]indan-1-one. Conclusion: Essential oil of C. aeruginosa rhizome was used as natural antibacterial agent toward S. mutans. Otherwise, rhizome, stems and leaves oils of C. aeruginosa showed lower potency in in biofilm degradation. Essential oil of C. aeruginosa rhizome could be considered as natural antibacterial agent in mouthwash or tooth paste to prevent teeth caries.